The ultrastructure of the mature embryo sac in the natural tetraploid of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.): that has a very low rate of seed formation

Algan, Gönül; Bakar, H. Nurhan

doi:10.5586/asbp.1997.002

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…According to Garcia de Castro and Martinez-Honduvilla (1984) , seed ageing is a complex process, so it is essential to investigate this process at the subcellular level in order to understand the best conditions for seed storage. Despite the publication of numerous papers on seed ultrastructure at various phases of development during the last two decades ( Berjak et al 1994 ; Algan and Bakar 1997 ; Wang and Berjak 2000 ; Wiśniewska et al 2006 ; Teixeira and Machado 2008 ; Egorova et al 2010 ; Moura et al . 2010 ; Chan and Belmonte 2013 ; Hu et al 2013 ; and citations therein) knowledge of the ultrastructural changes that occur during seed storage is still insufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination and ultrastructural studies of seeds produced by a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree: implications for its domestication and seed storage

2015

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The inner layers of the seed coat that remain attached to the cotyledons probably play a role in seed dormancy of Moringa oleifera. Cotyledons of seeds stored for one year showed no sign of deterioration. In some cells of the three-year-old cotyledons, the membranes of the protein bodies were deteriorated. Cell deterioration was also marked by the collapse of the cell wall adjacent to the intercellular cavity. The decrease in seed viability during storage is associated with the loss in membrane integrity as confirmed by the increase in electrolyte leakage. The longevity of seeds can be extended if they are stored within their fruits under favourable conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination and ultrastructural studies of seeds produced by a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree: implications for its domestication and seed storage

2015

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“…americanum) grown in Turkey are diploids; however, T. pratense L. collected by Elci (1982) for the first time in the Tortum district of Erzurum was found to be a natural tetraploid with low seed settings and hard seed problems. Algan and Bakar (1997) reported that degenerations in the embryo sac might affect the rate of seed settings as well as fertility failure. Hard and soft seed structure, germination, and regeneration of the plant parts were also studied previously (Colgecen et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive evaluation of phytoestrogen accumulation in plants and in vitro cultures of Medicago sativa L. ‘Elçi’ and natural tetraploid Trifolium pratense L.

Çölgeçen¹,

Çalışkan²,

Kartal³

et al. 2014

Turk J Biol

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IntroductionHigher plants synthesize a wide variety of phenolic compounds during their regular growth and development. These phenolic compounds are products of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and generally accumulate at relatively high concentrations in cell vacuoles, and they are usually chemically associated with sugars (Coronado et al., 1995). Flavonoids are found throughout the plant kingdom, whereas isoflavones are more restricted and particularly prevalent in the subfamily Papilionoideae of Fabaceae.The Fabaceae taxonomic class includes a variety of plants with significant economic value, including soybean, alfalfa, clover, pea, and various beans. These leguminous plants accumulate a wide range of phenolic secondary compounds, including isoflavonoid conjugates (Kessmann et al., 1990b). An important group of legume natural products, isoflavones, have been better understood at the molecular genetic level (Dixon et al., 1995;Dixon 1999;Dixon et al., 2004). These compounds function as preformed or inducible antimicrobial, antiinsecticidal compounds, signaling molecules in symbiotic nodulation by Rhizobium bacteria, or as allelopathic agents. In vitro cultures, which are a key method for secondary metabolite production, have been established for some of the legumes. Cell suspension cultures of Glycine max contained higher amounts of total isoflavones than that of the callus cultures (Federici et al., 2003). Genistein, daidzein, formononetin, and biochanin A were observed in the cell suspension cultures of Medicago truncatula (barrel medic), which is the model legume in plant functional genomics (Suzuki et al., 2005;Farag et al., 2007). T. pratense, usually called red clover, has a variety of isoflavones, including biochanin A, genistein, daidzein, and formononetin, which were reported in high concentrations (Setchell et al., 2001;Khaosaad et al., 2008). Isoflavones may act as an estrogen agonist or antagonist, depending on the compound and content present in the organism (Dog, 2005). Thus, red clover has become popular as a food supplement for the amelioration of menopausal disorders (Dornstauder et al., 2001;Beck et al., 2003). Although red clover blossoms have been used in traditional herbal medicine for centuries, it is the semipurified isoflavone leaf extracts for relief of menopause-related symptoms that interest

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Ultrastructure of Seed Coat Development in the Natural Tetraploid Trifolium pratense L.

Algan

Büyükkartal

2000

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Seed coat development in the natural tetraploid Trifolium pratense L. was studied by electron microscopy. The mature seed coat derived from the outer integument is composed of three layers of cells. The cells of the outer epidermis divide anticlinally and undergo radial elongation to form a macrosclereid layer. The cells are characterized by thin walls, the presence of amyloplasts, and numerous vacuoles which are completely or incompletely filled with tannin. The outer tangential walls are thickened at an early stage. An electron‐translucent cap develops in the outer tangential walls of the macrosclereid cells at the globular embryo stage. Osteosclereid cells are highly vacuolate with densely staining cytoplasm. Gradually, extensive intercellular spaces are formed. The parenchyma cells are small and have prominent intercellular air spaces. Maturation eventually leads to the disappearance of cytoplasm in all cells, and the compression of the cells of the parenchyma layer.

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The ultrastructure of the mature embryo sac in the natural tetraploid of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.): that has a very low rate of seed formation

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Germination and ultrastructural studies of seeds produced by a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree: implications for its domestication and seed storage

Germination and ultrastructural studies of seeds produced by a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree: implications for its domestication and seed storage

Comprehensive evaluation of phytoestrogen accumulation in plants and in vitro cultures of Medicago sativa L. ‘Elçi’ and natural tetraploid Trifolium pratense L.

Ultrastructure of Seed Coat Development in the Natural Tetraploid Trifolium pratense L.

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