The ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium in millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)

Sosinka, A.; Rost‐Roszkowska, Magdalena; Vilímová, Jitka; Tajovský, Karel; Kszuk-Jendrysik, M.; Chajec, Łukasz; Sonakowska, L.; Kamińska, Karolina; Hyra, Marta; Poprawa, Izabela

doi:10.1016/j.asd.2014.06.005

Cited by 28 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Nunez and Crawford (1977) have reported that this well-known structure in Diplopoda. The epithelium consists of absorptive cells (principal cell or digestive cell), generative cells (regenerative cell) and secretory cells, similar to the ones described for other species of diplopods, such as Oxidus gracilis (Neumann, 1985 apud Hopkin andRead, 1992), Glomeris marginata (Martin and Kirkham, 1989), Plusiopurus setiger (Fontanetti and CamargoMathias, 1997), Rhinocricus padbergi (Fantazzini et al, 2002) and Polynexus lagurus, Archispirostreptus gigas and Julus scandinavius (Sosinka et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cells are responsible for epithelial renewal (Hopkin and Read, 1992) and are considered unipotent stem cells of millipedes midgut (Sosinka et al, 2014). Hubert (1988) reported that hepatic cells are not contiguous, and that the cohesion between them is ensured by a connective tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, in R. padbergi, the ultrastructural analysis has revealed a pseudostratified epithelium (Camargo-Mathias et al, 2004). Sosinka et al (2014) reported that the midgut epithelium of the species P. lagurus, A. gigas and J. scandinavius is columnar pseudostratified. In this study, was also observed that the epithelium of the midgut of U. atrobrunneus is pseudostratified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter author also suggested that in other millipedes the type of secretion may be holocrine. Sosinka et al (2014) reported the release of microapocrine secretion in the millipedes Julus scandinavius and Archispirostreptus gigas. The vesicle are formed at the end of microvilli and then discharged into the lumen as double-membrane vesicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structure and role of the midgut of diplopods have been described for few species (Bowen, 1968;Nunez and Crawford, 1977;Hubert, 1979bHubert, , 1988Fontanetti and Camargo-Mathias, 1997;Fontanetti et al, 2001;Fantazzini et al, 2002;Camargo-Mathias et al, 2004;Sosinka et al, 2014). Studies on Brazilian species are rare and most of the literature is restricted to some orders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Midgut of the diplopod Urostreptus atrobrunneus: structure, function, and redefinition of hepatic cells

2017

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Diplopods are considered important macroarthropods the soil as part of its maintenance and balance. These animals usually do not occur in high densities, but population explosions caused by environmental disturbances, climate changes, and use of pesticides that eliminate possible competitors, have been reported. The millipede Urostreptus atrobrunneus Pierozzi and Fontanetti, 2006 have become a nuisance to humans in infestation sites in urban centers of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. As a contribution to the understanding of this potential pest, this study describes the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of the U. atrobrunneus midgut, and presents the redefinition of hepatic cells somewhat controversial in the literature. The region of the midgut is characterized by the absence of a cuticular intima, and composed of a pseudostratified epithelium on a thick basal membrane, followed by a muscle layer, a layer of hepatic cells, lined by an external membrane. The morphology observed in U. atrobrunneus is similar to that reported for other species of diplopods. The hepatic cells have been previously described as randomly without forming a layer, however, the present results clearly demonstrate that these cells form a continuous layer over the whole midgut.Keywords: histology, histochemistry, ultrastructure, Diplopoda, digestive tract. Intestino médio do diplópodo Urostreptus atrobrunneus: estrutura, função e redefinição das células hepáticas ResumoDiplópodos são considerados importantes macro-artrópodes do solo, uma vez que participam de sua manutenção e equilíbrio. Comumente estes animais não apresentam população numerosa, porém há relatos de explosões populacionais ocasionadas por desequilíbrios ambientais, mudanças climáticas e utilização de pesticidas que eliminam possíveis competidores. O milípede Urostreptus atrobrunneus Pierozzi e Fontanetti, 2006, têm apresentado pontos de infestação em centros urbanos, do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, causando muitos transtornos à população humana. Com objetivo de contribuir para o conhecimento desta potencial praga, este trabalho apresenta a descrição histológica, histoquímica e ultra-estrutural do intestino médio do milípede U. atrobrunneus, bem como apresenta a redefinição das células hepáticas, um tanto controversa na literatura pertinente. A região do intestino médio é caracterizada pela ausência da íntima cuticular, sendo formado por um epitélio pseudoestratificado, apoiado por uma membrana basal espessa, seguido de uma camada muscular, uma camada de células hepáticas, revestido por uma membrana externa. A morfologia observada neste trabalho assemelha-se bastante com as descrições de outras espécies de diplópodos estudadas até o momento. As células hepáticas foram previamente descritas como dispostas aleatoriamente sem a formação de uma camada, contudo, os presentes resultados demonstram claramente que estas células formam uma camada contínua ao longo de todo o intestino médio.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Midgut of the diplopod Urostreptus atrobrunneus: structure, function, and redefinition of hepatic cells

2017

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Structural Design Elements in Biological Materials: Application to Bioinspiration

et al. 2015

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biological materials often presents similar solutions, since the number of materials available in nature is fairly limited and therefore resourceful combinations of them have to be developed to address specifi c environmental constraints. We have identifi ed these common designs and named them "structural design elements."In the emerging fi eld of biological materials science, there is a great need for systematizing these observations and to describe the underlying mechanics principles in a unifi ed manner. This is necessary as similar designs are often reported under various names. As an example, the presence of numerous interfaces within a composite that introduce a signifi cant property mismatch, which we suggest be named a "layered" structure, has been previously referred to as "lamella" in bone [ 2 ] and fi sh scales, [ 3 ] "brick and mortar" in abalone, [4][5][6] and a "laminated structure" in sea sponges [ 7 ] despite providing most if not all of the same structural advantages. We propose herein a new system of eight structural design elements that are most common amongst a wide variety of animal taxa. These structural elements have each evolved to improve the mechanical properties, namely strength, stiffness, fl exibility, fracture toughness, wear resistance, and energy absorption of different biological materials for specifi c multi-functions (e.g., body support, joint movement, impact protection, mobility, weight reduction). These structural design elements are visually displayed in Figure 1 : • Fibrous structures; offering high tensile strength when aligned in a single direction, with limited to nil compressive strength.• Helical structures; common to fi brous or composite materials, offering toughness in multiple directions and in-plane isotropy.• Gradient structures; materials and interfaces that accommodate property mismatch (e.g., elastic modulus) through a gradual transition in order to avoid interfacial mismatch stress buildup, resulting in an increased toughness.• Layered structures; complex composites that increase the toughness of (most commonly) brittle materials through the introduction of interfaces.• Tubular structures; organized porosity that allows for energy absorption and crack defl ection.• Cellular structures; lightweight porous or foam architectures that provide directed stress distribution and energy absorption.Eight structural elements in biological materials are identifi ed as the most common amongst a variety of animal taxa. These are proposed as a new paradigm in the fi eld of biological materials science as they can serve as a toolbox for rationalizing the complex mechanical behavior of structural biological materials and for systematizing the development of bioinspired designs for structural applications. They are employed to improve the mechanical properties, namely strength, wear resistance, stiffness, fl exibility, fracture toughness, and energy absorption of different biological materials for a variety of functions (e.g., body support, joint movement, impact protection, ...

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Postembryonic development and differentiation of the midgut in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda) larvae

Sonakowska‐Czajka

Śróbka

Ostróżka

et al. 2020

Journal of Morphology

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Neocaridina davidi is a freshwater shrimp that originates from Taiwan and is commonly bred all over the word. Like all decapods, which develop indirectly, this species has pelagic larvae that may differ entirely in their morphology and habits from adult specimens. To fill a gap of knowledge about the developmental biology of freshwater shrimps we decided to document the 3D-localization of the midgut inside the body cavity of larval stages of N. davidi using X-ray microtomography, and to describe all structural and ultrastructural changes of the midgut epithelium (intestine and hepatopancreas) which occur during postembryonic development of N. davidi using light and transmission electron microscopy. We laid emphasis on stem cell functioning and cell death processes connected with differentiation. Our study revealed that while the intestine in both larval stages of N. davidi has the form of a fully developed organ, which resembles that of adult specimens, the hepatopancreas undergoes elongation and differentiation. E-cells, which are midgut stem cells, due to their proliferation and differentiation are responsible for the above-mentioned processes. Our study revealed that apoptosis is a common process in both larval stages of N. davidi in the intestine and proximal region of the hepatopancreas. In zoea III, autophagy as a survival factor is activated in order to protect cells against their death. However, when there are too many autophagic structures in epithelial cells, necrosis as passive cell death is activated. The presence of all types of cell death in the midgut in the zoea III stage confirms that this part of the digestive tract is fully developed and functional. Here, we present the first description of apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis in the digestive system of larval stages of Malacostraca and present the first description of their hepatopancreas elongation and differentiation due to midgut stem cell functioning.

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The ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium in millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Midgut of the diplopod Urostreptus atrobrunneus: structure, function, and redefinition of hepatic cells

Midgut of the diplopod Urostreptus atrobrunneus: structure, function, and redefinition of hepatic cells

Structural Design Elements in Biological Materials: Application to Bioinspiration

Postembryonic development and differentiation of the midgut in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda) larvae

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