The ultrastructure of the otolithic membrane and otolith in the juvenile mummichog, <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>

Dunkelberger, Dana G.; Dean, John Mark; Watabe, Norimitsu

doi:10.1002/jmor.1051630309

Cited by 121 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The teleost OM consists of an upper gelantinous layer (OMg) and a lower filamentous, subcapular layer (OMsc) (24). Immunohistochemical analysis using affinity purified SC-reactive immunoglobulins indicated that the SC protein was uniformly dispersed throughout the gelatinous layer of the teleost OM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a structural constituent and one possible site of postembryonic formation of a teleost otolithic membrane

Davis

Burns

Navaratnam

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A gelatinous otolithic membrane (OM) couples a single calcified otolith to the sensory epithelium in the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) saccule, one of the otolithic organs in the inner ear. Though the OM is an integral part of the anatomic network of endorgan structures that result in vestibular function in the inner ear, the identity of the proteins that make up this sensory accessory membrane in teleosts, or in any vertebrate, is not fully known. Previously, we identified a cDNA from the sunfish saccular otolithic organ that encoded a new member of the collagen family of structural proteins. In this study, we examined biochemical features and the localization of the saccular collagen (SC) protein in vivo using polyclonal antisera that recognize the noncollagenous domains of the SC protein. The otolithic endorgans are part of the vestibular portion of the vertebrate inner ear and consist of a single or many calcified masses coupled to an underlying hair cell-containing sensory epithelium. A gelatinous otolithic͞otoconial membrane is attached to both the otolith and the underlying sensory epithelium and serves to couple the calcified mass(es) to the receptor epithelium. Displacement of the overlying otolith͞ otoconial mass(es) relative to the underlying receptor epithelium results in the displacement of hair cell stereociliary bundles that are critical to the mechanoelectrical transduction process in the inner ear (1).The teleost saccule is an otolithic organ involved in aspects of both vestibular (1) and acoustic function in certain fish (1, 2). The number of saccular sensory cells in certain teleosts (3) and cartilagenous fish (4) can be much larger than the number found in the human saccule (1). We took advantage of the large number of saccular hair cells found in certain teleosts to construct cDNA libraries in efforts to identify genes involved in vestibular function (5).Differential screening of the teleost saccular cDNA libraries led to the identification of candidate saccule-specific cDNAs. One of these was found to encode a unique form of collagen that was termed saccular collagen (SC). The 2.0-kb SC transcript was highly abundant in saccular RNA and appears unique to the saccule because it was not detected in several other sunfish tissues (6). A similar domain organization and homology of a conserved region within the carboxyl-terminal noncollagenous domain identified the SC as a new member of the family of collagens that includes collagens type VIII and type X (7-9). Expression of the SC gene was localized by in situ hybridization to secretory supporting cells located around the periphery of the saccular macula (6). In teleosts, supporting cells such as these have been correlated with the developmental appearance of the otolithic membrane (OM) (10) suggesting that the SC may be a component of the teleost OM. To date, the molecular identity of the proteins that comprise the teleost OM remains unknown.In this report, polyclonal SC-specific antisera were used to study the localization and...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a structural constituent and one possible site of postembryonic formation of a teleost otolithic membrane

Davis

Burns

Navaratnam

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Growth history of individual fish is recorded in the otolith (Degens et al 1969, Dunkelberger et al 1980, Watanabe et al 1982, Mugiya 1987. In this study, individual growth histories of larval bluefin tuna were back-calculated from the otolith increment width and compared to growth histories of juvenile bluefin tuna collected in the coastal zone of Japan.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Scombrids have a high growth rate in the larval stages, and this growth is potentially variable depending on water temperature and food availability, implying that small variations in larval growth may induce broad variations in cumulative mortality and recruitment of the stock. We examined the hypothesis that growth during the early larval period is a key factor in the survival process of Pacific bluefin tuna larvae.Growth history of individual fish is recorded in the otolith (Degens et al 1969, Dunkelberger et al 1980, Watanabe et al 1982, Mugiya 1987. In this study, individual growth histories of larval bluefin tuna were back-calculated from the otolith increment width and compared to growth histories of juvenile bluefin tuna collected in the coastal zone of Japan.…”

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confidence: 99%

Growth-dependent recruitment of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Tanaka¹,

Satoh²,

Iwahashi³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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To estimate the survival process of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis during the larval period, estimated growth histories were compared between larvae collected in late spring and juveniles collected in the boreal summer of 2004, which were considered to be survivors of the larval cohorts. Larval tuna (3.3 to 9.6 mm standard length, SL) were collected from mid-May to early June around the Ryukyu Islands, northwestern Pacific Ocean, and juvenile tuna were collected offshore of Kochi and Nagasaki prefectures in July-August. Preflexion, flexion and postflexion larvae were collected, and their ages ranged from 4 to 18 d. Back-calculated SLs by the biological intercept method showed that larval tuna in the postflexion phase were larger-at-age than preflexion and flexion larvae, suggesting that only larger and faster growing larvae were able to survive to the postflexion phase. The logarithms of otolith radii (ln OR: proportional to SL) of larvae with slower growth and development were smaller than the minimum ln OR of surviving juvenile tuna, which indicated the smallest possible size required for larvae to successfully recruit to the fishery. These results indicate that the survival of larvae of Pacific bluefin tuna depends largely on size and growth rates during early life history.KEY WORDS: Growth · Survival · Recruitment · Otolith · Pacific bluefin tuna Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 319: [225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235] 2006 higher tolerance to starvation and a greater ability to escape from predators than smaller larvae (Anderson 1988, Miller et al. 1988, Bailey & Houde 1989. The target species in these studies were flatfish, cod, coral reef fishes and clupeoids, which have relatively low growth rates and a long pelagic period in their early life stages, with the exception of larval bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix that has a relatively high growth potential (Hare & Cowen 1997). Scombrid fishes including Pacific bluefin tuna are generally considered to have survival strategies in the early life stages characterized by large prey and fast growth (Hunter 1981. Scombrids have a high growth rate in the larval stages, and this growth is potentially variable depending on water temperature and food availability, implying that small variations in larval growth may induce broad variations in cumulative mortality and recruitment of the stock. We examined the hypothesis that growth during the early larval period is a key factor in the survival process of Pacific bluefin tuna larvae.Growth history of individual fish is recorded in the otolith (Degens et al. 1969, Dunkelberger et al. 1980, Watanabe et al. 1982, Mugiya 1987. In this study, individual growth histories of larval bluefin tuna were back-calculated from the otolith increment width and compared to growth histories of juvenile bluefin tuna collected in the coastal zone of Japan. These juvenile bluefin tuna were considered to be survivors of the sampled larval pop...

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“…Otoliths consist primarily of calcium carbonate and proteins that are continuously deposited onto the otolith surface over time and are not reabsorbed (Dunkelberger et al 1980, Wright et al 1991, Asano & Mugiya 1993, Takagi & Takahashi 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using data storage tags to link otolith macro- structure in Baltic cod Gadus morhua with environmental conditions

Hüssy¹,

Nielsen²,

Mosegaard³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We examined otolith opacity of Baltic cod in relation to environmental conditions in order to evaluate the formation mechanisms of seasonal patterns used in age determination. Adult fish were tagged with data storage tags (DSTs) and a permanent mark was induced in the otoliths by injection of a strontium chloride solution. Based on environmental conditions experienced, fish were classified into different behavioural types: non-reproducing 'non-spawner', and 'spawner' undertaking spawning migrations. Otolith opacity, an indicator of otolith and fish somatic growth and condition, was examined in relation to these environmental drivers. Temperature was the only environmental variable with a significant effect, overlaying a strong size-related effect. The temperature effect was not uniform across behavioural types and spawning periods. Opacity showed a negative correlation with temperature as expected -but in non-spawning fish only. In spawners, the general trend was a decrease in opacity from pre-to post spawning. A significant -but positive -temperature effect was only found in the pre-spawning period. The negative effects during and following spawning were not significant. In spawners, this decoupling leads to an otolith structure with stronger contrasts and more abrupt changes, while in non-spawners, opacity changes more smoothly. The trigger for this decoupling seems to be an interaction between temperature exposure and seasonal variations in food availability and may serve as a tool to identify the occurrence and repetitiveness of spawning in Baltic cod.

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The ultrastructure of the otolithic membrane and otolith in the juvenile mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus

Cited by 121 publications

References 26 publications

Identification of a structural constituent and one possible site of postembryonic formation of a teleost otolithic membrane

Identification of a structural constituent and one possible site of postembryonic formation of a teleost otolithic membrane

Growth-dependent recruitment of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Using data storage tags to link otolith macro- structure in Baltic cod Gadus morhua with environmental conditions

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