The unequal impact of the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from seventeen developing countries

Bottan, Nicolas L.; Hoffmann, Bridget; Vera-Cossio, Diego A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239797

Cited by 130 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…National governments must consider how to support financially vulnerable and socially isolated individuals, considering that each intersecting vulnerability magnifies risk across all contexts. 51 , 61 , 62 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chmielewska

Barratt

Townsend

et al. 2021

The Lancet Global Health

844

820

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on health-care systems and potentially on pregnancy outcomes, but no systematic synthesis of evidence of this effect has been undertaken. We aimed to assess the collective evidence on the effects on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of the pandemic. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the effects of the pandemic on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. We searched MEDLINE and Embase in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, from Jan 1, 2020, to Jan 8, 2021, for case-control studies, cohort studies, and brief reports comparing maternal and perinatal mortality, maternal morbidity, pregnancy complications, and intrapartum and neonatal outcomes before and during the pandemic. We also planned to record any additional maternal and offspring outcomes identified. Studies of solely SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant individuals, as well as case reports, studies without comparison groups, narrative or systematic literature reviews, preprints, and studies reporting on overlapping populations were excluded. Quantitative meta-analysis was done for an outcome when more than one study presented relevant data. Random-effects estimate of the pooled odds ratio (OR) of each outcome were generated with use of the Mantel-Haenszel method. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020211753). Findings The search identified 3592 citations, of which 40 studies were included. We identified significant increases in stillbirth (pooled OR 1·28 [95% CI 1·07–1·54]; I 2 =63%; 12 studies, 168 295 pregnancies during and 198 993 before the pandemic) and maternal death (1·37 [1·22–1·53; I 2 =0%, two studies [both from low-income and middle-income countries], 1 237 018 and 2 224 859 pregnancies) during versus before the pandemic. Preterm births before 37 weeks' gestation were not significantly changed overall (0·94 [0·87–1·02]; I 2 =75%; 15 studies, 170 640 and 656 423 pregnancies) but were decreased in high-income countries (0·91 [0·84–0·99]; I 2 =63%; 12 studies, 159 987 and 635 118 pregnancies), where spontaneous preterm birth was also decreased (0·81 [0·67–0·97]; two studies, 4204 and 6818 pregnancies). Mean Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores were higher, indicating poorer mental health, during versus before the pandemic (pooled mean difference 0·42 [95% CI 0·02–0·81; three studies, 2330 and 6517 pregnancies). Surgically managed ectopic pregnancies were increased during the pandemic (OR 5·81 [2·16–15·6]; I 2 =26%; three studies, 37 and 272 pregnancies). No overall significant effects were identified for other outcomes included in the quantitative analysis: maternal gestational diabetes; hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; preterm birth before 34 weeks', 32 weeks',...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chmielewska

Barratt

Townsend

et al. 2021

The Lancet Global Health

844

820

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As shown in online Appendix B1, the impact on the results is limited. 20 at progressive rates from 0 percent to 35 percent; capital income at a flat rate of usually 20 percent), so that total taxable income does not usually need to be declared, except in the context of the 2006 circular. The objective of the circular was to improve tax collection and to fight corruption.…”

Section: B Series On Income and Wealth Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Online Appendix Section B1 presents and discusses several robustness checks and alternative assumptions and specifications. 20 The Chinese high-income tax data are entirely based upon individual incomes. This corresponds to equalsplit income (in the sense of US or French tax data) only if we assume that all high-income taxpayers are either single or married to other high-income taxpayers, which strictly speaking cannot be true.…”

Section: B Series On Income and Wealth Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capital Accumulation, Private Property, and Rising Inequality in China, 1978–2015

Piketty

Zucman

2019

American Economic Review

280

149

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We combine national accounts, surveys, and new tax data to study the accumulation and distribution of income and wealth in China from 1978 to 2015. The national wealth-income ratio increased from 350 percent in 1978 to 700 percent in 2015, while the share of public property in national wealth declined from 70 percent to 30 percent. We provide sharp upward revision of official inequality estimates. The top 10 percent income share rose from 27 percent to 41 percent between 1978 and 2015; the bottom 50 percent share dropped from 27 percent to 15 percent. China’s inequality levels used to be close to Nordic countries and are now approaching US levels. (JEL D31, E01, E23, O11, P24, P26, P36)

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“…Relatedly, research on these measures must look not only at impact on disease spread, but also at the potential social, economic, and political consequences that can be inequitably experienced at the individual, community, and country level. As with domestic “lockdowns” ( Fisher and Bubola 2020 ), COVID-19 makes clear that cross-border measures likely disproportionately harm those with preexisting vulnerabilities ( Bottan et al 2020 ). For example, Filipino migrant workers employed abroad have been particularly hard hit by travel restrictions during COVID-19 ( Cabato 2020 ).…”

Section: How Research On Treaty Compliance Informs Understanding Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

FORUM: COVID-19 and IR Scholarship: One Profession, Many Voices

Agostinis

Grépin

Kamradt‐Scott

et al. 2021

International Studies Review

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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected virtually every aspect of life, for individuals, communities, nations, regions, and the international system. In this forum, scholars from around the world with diverse areas of expertise consider the contributions of international relations (IR) scholarship in our understanding of the politics and governance challenges surrounding the pandemic. The seven essays that follow together examine how our current state of knowledge speaks to the theme of ISA 2020: “Multiple Identities and Scholarship in a Global IR: One Profession, Many Voices.” Each essay features a research area and body of scholarship that both informs our understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic and reflects on how the pandemic challenges us to push our scholarship and intellectual community further. Together, these essays highlight the diversity of our discipline of IR and how its many voices may bring us together in one conversation. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado prácticamente a todos los aspectos de la vida para las personas, las comunidades, las naciones, las regiones y el sistema internacional. En este foro, los académicos de todo el mundo con diversas áreas de experiencia consideran las contribuciones de los estudios de las relaciones internacionales (International Relations, IR) a nuestro entendimiento de la política y los desafíos de gobierno que rodean a la pandemia. Los siete ensayos a continuación analizan en conjunto cómo nuestro estado de conocimiento actual aborda el tema de la Asociación de Estudios Internacionales (International Studies Association, ISA) de 2020: “Múltiples identidades y estudios en una IR global: una profesión, muchas voces.” Cada ensayo presenta un área de investigación y un cuerpo de estudios que conforman nuestro entendimiento de la pandemia de COVID-19 y también reflexionan sobre cómo esta nos desafía a impulsar aún más a nuestra comunidad académica e intelectual. En conjunto, estos ensayos destacan la diversidad de nuestra disciplina de relaciones internacionales y cómo sus numerosas voces pueden juntarnos en una conversación. La pandémie de COVID 2019 a affecté pratiquement tous les aspects de la vie, que ce soit les individus, les communautés, les nations, les régions ou le système international. Dans cette tribune, des chercheurs du monde entier spécialisés dans divers domaines d'expertise réfléchissent aux contributions des recherches en relations internationales à notre compréhension des défis politiques et de gouvernance entourant la pandémie. Les sept essais ainsi réunis examinent la manière dont l’état actuel de nos connaissances aborde le thème de la convention 2020 de l'Association d’études internationales : « Identités et recherches multiples dans des relations internationales globales : une profession, de nombreuses voix ». Chaque essai présente un domaine de recherche et un corpus d’études qui éclaire notre compréhension de la pandémie de COVID 2019 tout en amenant une réflexion sur la façon dont la pandémie nous remet en question et nous pousse à aller plus loin dans nos recherches et notre communauté intellectuelle. Ensemble, ces essais mettent en évidence la diversité de notre discipline des relations internationales et la manière dont ses nombreuses voix peuvent nous réunir dans un débat.

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The unequal impact of the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence from seventeen developing countries

Cited by 130 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Capital Accumulation, Private Property, and Rising Inequality in China, 1978–2015

FORUM: COVID-19 and IR Scholarship: One Profession, Many Voices

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