The universality of a contempt expression: A replication

Ekman, Paul; Heider, Karl G.

doi:10.1007/bf00993116

Cited by 146 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Ekman & Friesen [41] published a seminal description of the 'contempt' facial expression (cross-culturally replicated in [42]). Ekman proposed that contempt is a variant of the disgust display.…”

Section: Sneer As Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affect induction through musical sounds: an ethological perspective

Huron

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 12 to a theme issue 'Biology, cognition and origins of musicality'. Inspired by ethology, it is suggested that the ethological concepts of signals, cues and indices offer additional analytic tools for better understanding induced affect. It is proposed that ethological concepts help explain why music is able to induce only certain emotions, why some induced emotions are similar to the displayed emotion (whereas other induced emotions differ considerably from the displayed emotion), why listeners often report feeling mixed emotions and why only some musical expressions evoke similar responses across cultures.

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Section: Sneer As Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affect induction through musical sounds: an ethological perspective

Huron

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Like the smile and the pout, comparative research suggests that the contempt expression exists cross-culturally (Ekman & Heider, 1988). he sneer is regarded as a variant of the disgust expression.…”

Section: Sarcasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cues and Signals: An Ethological Approach to Music-Related Emotion

Huron¹

2015

signata

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“…Minimal ways of extending the group include distinguishing hot and cold anger, and adding contempt (Ekman and Heider, 1988) and love (Hatfield and Rapson, 1993) or desire (Johnson-Laird and Oatley, 1992). Greasley et al (2000, p. 364) have directly examined the use of a short list to code the emotions expressed in speech, and concluded that ''giving subjects choice of just one label from a small range of basic emotions may not allow subjects an adequate level of discrimination''.…”

Section: Lists Of Key Emotionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing the emotional states that are expressed in speech

Cowie

Cornelius

2003

Speech Communication

506

273

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To study relations between speech and emotion, it is necessary to have methods of describing emotion. Finding appropriate methods is not straightforward, and there are difficulties associated with the most familiar. The word emotion itself is problematic: a narrow sense is often seen as ''correct'', but it excludes what may be key areas in relation to speech--including states where emotion is present but not full-blown, and related states (e.g., arousal, attitude). Everyday emotion words form a rich descriptive system, but it is intractable because it involves so many categories, and the relationships among them are undefined. Several alternative types of description are available. Emotion-related biological changes are well documented, although reductionist conceptions of them are problematic. Psychology offers descriptive systems based on dimensions such as evaluation (positive or negative) and level of activation, or on logical elements that can be used to define an appraisal of the situation. Adequate descriptive systems need to recognise the importance of both time course and interactions involving multiple emotions and/or deliberate control. From these conceptions of emotion come various tools and techniques for describing particular episodes. Different tools and techniques are appropriate for different purposes.

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The universality of a contempt expression: A replication

Cited by 146 publications

References 9 publications

Affect induction through musical sounds: an ethological perspective

Affect induction through musical sounds: an ethological perspective

Cues and Signals: An Ethological Approach to Music-Related Emotion

Describing the emotional states that are expressed in speech

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