The unplanned impact of mathematics

Rowlett, Peter; McCartney, Mark; Mann, Tony; Hoare, Graham; Harriss, Edmund; Parrondo, Juan Carrete; Bradshaw, Noel-Ann; Collins, Julia C.; Linton, C. M.

doi:10.1038/475166a

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, we demonstrate that the correlation between behavioral cost and reward consumption interacts with reward value, such that reward consumption declines at faster rates with increased behavioral cost if the reward value is relatively low. These outcomes fit well with models of behavioral elasticity (Salamone et al, 2009; Rowlett, 2011), all of which stem from interpretations based in behavioral economics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Moreover, based on behavioral economics and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement in drug and food reinforcement studies (e.g. (Rowlett, 2011; Beeler et al, 2012; Doherty and Frantz, 2012; Bentzley et al, 2014), we also predicted that increasing the behavioral cost (i.e., weight of an access door) to gain access to social interaction would decrease the frequency of seeking social interactions in a test session, especially when the duration of social interaction was relatively short. As such, the present study investigates whether the relationships between reward value (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of oxytocin in the ventral tegmental area in social reinforcement

Borland

Grantham

Aiani

et al. 2018

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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The rewarding properties of social interactions play a critical role in the development and maintenance of social relationships, and deficits in social reward are associated with various psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we used a novel Operant Social Preference (OSP) task to investigate the reinforcing properties of social interactions under conditions of high or low reward value, and high or low behavioral effort in male Syrian hamsters. Further, we investigated the role of oxytocin (OT) in a key structure of the mesolimbic reward system, the ventral tegmental area (VTA), in mediating the reinforcing properties of social interaction. Adult male hamsters were placed in a three-chambered apparatus, and allowed access to either a social chamber containing an unrestrained conspecific or a non-social chamber, by pushing through a one-way entry, vertical-swing door. Increasing the duration of social interaction (reward value) decreased the frequency of entering the social interaction chambers, whereas decreasing the duration of social interaction conversely increased the frequency of entries. Moreover, increasing behavioral effort required to access social interaction decreased the frequency of entries, especially under conditions when the duration of social interaction was only 5 s. OT injected into the VTA decreased the frequency of entering social interaction chambers in a manner similar to that observed when duration was increased, whereas injection of an OT receptor antagonist in the VTA increased the frequency of seeking social interaction. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that activation of OT receptors in the VTA are critical for the reinforcing properties of social interactions. Furthermore, social interactions may exhibit duration and cost dependent reinforcing effects on behavior similar to those observed with food and drugs of abuse.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of oxytocin in the ventral tegmental area in social reinforcement

Borland

Grantham

Aiani

et al. 2018

Psychoneuroendocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We must make the common man understand that science is often a fairly erratic process, sometimes complicated by the all too human shortcomings of investigators [2] and that real breakthroughs can never be reliably predicted in advance. Some great concepts or findings may sit around for many decades until their true value is recognised [3]. …”

Section: Science Under the Lamppostmentioning

confidence: 99%