The Upgrade of the CMS Tracker at HL-LHC

Rosa, A. La

doi:10.7566/jpscp.34.010006

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…From the beam pipe to the outside of the tracker region, the total material budget of the ATLAS detector is ∼ 0.3 − 2 radiation length for |η| = 0 − 4 (with η being the pseudorapidity) in the high luminosity scenario of the LHC (HL-LHC) [70]. For the case of the CMS, it is ∼ 0.3 − 1.6 radiation length for |η| = 0 − 1.5 and ∼ 1.6 − 0.8 radiation length for |η| = 1.5 − 3 [71]. Thus, the photon may not be regarded as a free particle in the central region and the conversion rate of the SN axion to the photon is suppressed.…”

Section: Detection At the Lhc Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing Axion Emission from Supernova with Collider Detectors

Asai,

Kanazawa,

Moroi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We consider a possibility to observe the axion emission from a nearby supernova (SN) in the future, which can be known in advance by the pre-SN alert system, by collider detectors like the LHC detectors (i.e., the ATLAS and the CMS) and the ILC detectors (i.e., the ILD and SiD). The axion from the SN can be converted to the photon by the strong magnetic field in the detector and the photon can be detected by electromagnetic calorimeter. We estimate the numbers of signal and background events due to a nearby SN and show that the number of signal may be sizable. The axion emission from a nearby SN may be observed if, at the time of the SN, the beam is stopped and the detector operation is switched to the one for the SN axion search.

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Section: Detection At the Lhc Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing Axion Emission from Supernova with Collider Detectors

Asai,

Kanazawa,

Moroi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…On this plane the trajectories represent the particle paths crossing the detectors. If the particles are charged-many of them are-and embedded in a magnetic field, they can describe a circular or helicoidal track that should be detected immediately in the Tracker, the innermost portion of the whole detector [6,7]. Left side of the Figure 1 shows this.…”

Section: Hough Transform As Pattern Recognition Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We can also give an estimation of the total input ITT and output OTT maximum throughput, shown with Formulas (7) and (8). In particular, the ITT is the data stream per second which enter the system: Eight channels load one Hit per clock period and each Hit (r, ϕ) is composed of 12 + 16 = 28 bits.…”

Section: Fw Synthesis and Place And Routementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study presented in this paper describes a recognition system based on the Hough Transform (HT) [4,5], implemented on a frontier FPGA. The proposed recognition system reads out that data originated in a detection system located close to the beam lines: The Tracker [6,7]. In addition, for HEP experiments that take years for the construction of the entire apparatus, it is not possible to test the hardware in a real environment in advance with respect to the final commissioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hardware Implementation Study of Particle Tracking Algorithm on FPGAs

et al. 2021

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In recent years, the technological node used to implement FPGA devices has led to very high performance in terms of computational capacity and in some applications these can be much more efficient than CPUs or other programmable devices. The clock managers and the enormous versatility of communication technology through digital transceivers place FPGAs in a prime position for many applications. For example, from real-time medical image analysis to high energy physics particle trajectory recognition, where computation time can be crucial, the benefits of using frontier FPGA capabilities are even more relevant. This paper shows an example of FPGA hardware implementation, via a firmware design, of a complex analytical algorithm: The Hough transform. This is a mathematical spatial transformation used here to facilitate on-the-fly recognition of the trajectories of ionising particles as they pass through the so-called tracker apparatus within high-energy physics detectors. This is a general study to demonstrate that this technique is not only implementable via software-based systems, but can also be exploited using consumer hardware devices. In this context the latter are known as hardware accelerators. In this article in particular, the Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGA is investigated as it belongs to one of the frontier family devices on the market. These FPGAs make it possible to reach high-speed clock frequencies at the expense of acceptable energy consumption thanks to the 14 nm technological node used by the vendor. These devices feature a huge number of gates, high-bandwidth memories, transceivers and other high-performance electronics in a single chip, enabling the design of large, complex and scalable architectures. In particular the Xilinx Alveo U250 has been investigated. A target frequency of 250 MHz and a total latency of 30 clock periods have been achieved using only the 17 ÷ 53% of LUTs, the 8 ÷ 12% of DSPs, the 1 ÷ 3% of Block Rams and a Flip Flop occupancy range of 9 ÷ 28%.

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“…The High-Luminosity LHC project aims to increase its instantaneous luminosity by a factor of five beyond the original design value to 5 × 10 −34 cm −2 s −1 and the annual integrated luminosity to 250 fb −1 which is a factor of ten from the original design value [1]. Consequently, the detectors in LHC are also upgrading the readout electronics to match the increase in luminosity [2][3][4]. The intensity frontier experiments, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of readout systems for high-rate silicon photomultiplier applications

Wong,

Kołodziej,

Briggl

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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Recent years have shown an increased use of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) in experiments as they are of reasonable cost, have relatively low power consumption and are easily available in a variety of form factors allowing for a large number of readout channels. At the same time, experiments are generating data at increasingly high rates requiring the use of more efficient readout systems. In this work, the dead time, efficiency, dynamic range, coincidence time resolution and energy resolution of five different readout systems at various stages of maturity are evaluated to determine the best system for acquiring data from a detector in a high rate experiment. Additional functionalities of the systems are also discussed.

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The Upgrade of the CMS Tracker at HL-LHC

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Observing Axion Emission from Supernova with Collider Detectors

Observing Axion Emission from Supernova with Collider Detectors

Hardware Implementation Study of Particle Tracking Algorithm on FPGAs

Comparison of readout systems for high-rate silicon photomultiplier applications

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