The usability of recycled carbon fibres in short fibre thermoplastics: interfacial properties

Burn, D.T.; Harper, L.T.; Johnson, M. S.; Warrior, N.A.; Nagel, Ulf; Yang, Liu; Thomason, James

doi:10.1007/s10853-016-0053-y

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…The CF.EP fracture sites were significantly different to those of the CF.PP and CF.mPP composites, with no flexibility in the exposed tows, confirming excellent adhesion between fibre and matrix. This supports the observations from the microdroplet testing [12], which confirmed that the interfacial shear strength of CF.PP improves with the addition of 2wt%. mPP, but the resulting interface is still weaker than that of the carbon fibre epoxy.…”

Section: 1supporting

confidence: 90%

“…Interfacial adhesion can be significantly improved by adding a coupling agent and removing the epoxy-compatible sizing from the carbon, as demonstrated in a previous study by the authors [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…These percentage increases are lower than the 300% increase in IFSS reported from microdroplet testing when 2%wt. mPP was added to PP to improve the interfacial performance with carbon fibre [12]. All carbon fibre/PP samples exhibited relatively high void content (~3 -4%) compared to the epoxy samples (<0.5%), which dominated the strength properties at high fibre loadings, as previously reported in [23].…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…A maleic anhydride grafted PP coupling agent, G3015 (Eastman, UK), was supplied in granular form and was processed into a powder using a ceramic grinder at ambient temperature. In all cases the coupling agent was mixed with the PP at 2wt.%, based on previous work [12,13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the determination of the fibre volume fraction (Vf), densities of 1.18 g/cm 3 , 0.91 g/cm 3 and 1.80 g/cm 3 were assumed for the epoxy resin [12], the Maleic anhydride grafted PP [19][20][21] and carbon fibres [22].. The density values from both ends of the specimen were averaged and the coefficient of variation was found to be approximately 0.5 -2% in each case.…”

Section: Volume Fraction and Void Content Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long discontinuous carbon fibre/polypropylene composites for high volume structural applications

Harper

Burn

Johnson

et al. 2017

Journal of Composite Materials

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A processing route is presented to manufacture discontinuous carbon fibre reinforced polypropylene (CF.PP) composites, using much longer fibre lengths (25mm) and higher volume fractions (up to 45%) than previously reported in the literature. Carbon fibre tows are coated with different ratios of polypropylene, blended with a maleic anhydride coupling agent, to investigate the influence of the interfacial shear strength at the microscale on the macroscale composite properties. Improvements in the tensile performance at the macroscale (70% increase) are not as high as those reported for the interfacial shear strength at the microscale (300%), following the addition of the coupling agent.Consequently, the tensile strength of the CF.PP material is only 45% of values reported for carbon fibre/epoxy systems, however, the tensile stiffness is comparable. This demonstrates the potential for using CF.PP for structural applications, following further process optimisation to overcome the current high levels of porosity (3.3% at 0.45Vf) to improve the tensile strength.

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Section: 1supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volume Fraction and Void Content Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long discontinuous carbon fibre/polypropylene composites for high volume structural applications

Harper

Burn

Johnson

et al. 2017

Journal of Composite Materials

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Polycarbonate biocomposites reinforced with a hybrid filler system of recycled carbon fiber and biocarbon: Preparation and thermomechanical characterization

Andrzejewski

Misra

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, we present the investigation of the use of a partly biobased hybrid reinforcement system to improve the mechanical properties of polycarbonate (PC). To minimize the amount of recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) used in this study, their initial quantity of 20% was reduced and replaced by pyrolyzed biocarbon (BC) particles in amounts of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The materials were prepared during an extrusion‐/injection‐molding processing procedure. In addition to basic mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, and Izod tests), the samples were also subjected to detailed dynamic mechanical analysis to determine the thermomechanical relationships, such as the C factor, entanglement density, adhesion factor, and reinforcing efficiency. The results confirm the positive effect of hybridization, especially for the samples with low BC contents. In relation to the 20% pure BC composites, the hybrid samples containing the same amount of mixed filler (10%; rCF10–BC10) achieved an almost triple (270%) increase in the tensile strength and a 35% increase in the modulus. The impact resistance was also increased by 170%. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed significant changes in the glass‐transition temperatures for the BC‐rich samples; this was due to the sensitivity of the PC matrix to the processing degradation. The application of a small quantity of epoxy‐based chain extender proved to be effective in reducing this unfavorable phenomenon. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46449.

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Effect of hybrid polysphosphazene coating treatment on carbon fibers on the interfacial properties of CF/PA6 composites

Chen

Liu

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composite has an extensive application. However, the performances of CF/PA6 composite are constrained by the poor interfacial adhesion between CF and PA6 matrix. In this article, in order to strengthen the interfacial adhesion of CF/PA6 composite, a layer of poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4′‐sulfonyldiphonel) (PZS) hybrid coating with plenty of PZS microspheres (PZSMS) was successfully introduced onto CF surface through facile in situ polymerization. After surface modification, the surface morphologies and the surface chemical structures of fibers changed distinctly. On one hand, the PZSMS provided more contact points and increased mechanical interlocking between CF and PA6 matrix. On the other hand, numerous hydrogen bonds between CF and PA6 were formed due to a great amount of unique polar groups on modified CF surface. Consequently, in comparison with untreated CF, the interfacial shear strength of CF‐PZSMS/PA6 composites was improved from 37.68 ± 3.16 to 53.79 ± 3.38 MPa, by 42.75 ± 3.02%. The results indicated that PZS hybrid coating on fiber surface effectively improved the interfacial adhesion of CF/PA6 composites, and the stronger hydrogen bonding and the enhanced mechanical interlocking synergistically played a major role in such significant improvements.

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The usability of recycled carbon fibres in short fibre thermoplastics: interfacial properties

Cited by 33 publications

References 60 publications

Long discontinuous carbon fibre/polypropylene composites for high volume structural applications

Long discontinuous carbon fibre/polypropylene composites for high volume structural applications

Polycarbonate biocomposites reinforced with a hybrid filler system of recycled carbon fiber and biocarbon: Preparation and thermomechanical characterization

Effect of hybrid polysphosphazene coating treatment on carbon fibers on the interfacial properties of CF/PA6 composites

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