The Use and Characteristics of the Photoacoustic Method in the Study of Photosynthesis

Malkin, Shmuel; Canaani, Ora

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.45.060194.002425

Cited by 91 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…1A). This technique measures the conversion of light energy to heat in an absorbing sample and hence the storage of light energy as chemical energy (photochemical ES;see "materials and Methods";Malkin and Canaani, 1994). Figure 1A shows a typical in vivo photothermal signal generated by Synechocystis sp.…”

Section: Cyclic Electron Transport Around Ps I In Different Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addition of a strong nonmodulated far-red light to the modulated light beam saturates PS I photochemistry, causing a noticeable rise in the photoacoustic signal. Thus, the comparison of the actual and maximal heat-emission signals provides a measure of the amount of absorbed light energy that was stored in intermediates of the photochemical processes (Malkin and Canaani, 1994). ES measured in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.…”

Section: Cyclic Electron Transport Around Ps I In Different Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar frequency dependence of ES by cyclic PS I activity was previously observed in C. reinhardtii (Canaani et al, 1989). ES depends on the modulation frequency because this parameter reflects energy stored in photochemical products that decay with a time constant larger than the modulation frequency of excitation (Malkin and Canaani, 1994). Thus, at very low frequency, ES reflects long-lived intermediates.…”

Section: Anaerobiosis-induced Cyclic Electron Transport Around Ps I Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon was probably more limiting for the P 700 reduction rate than the absence of Ndh, thus explaining why the WT and the Ndh-deficient mutant could not be distinguished on the basis of the P 700 reduction kinetics. In contrast, in the photoacoustic experiments, the frequency dependence of ES allows the kinetics of the electron cycle to be analyzed and provides information on the lifetime of the intermediates that limit the energy-storage reaction (Malkin and Canaani, 1994;Malkin, 1996). Also, it cannot be excluded that some phenomena needed for cyclic electron flow are deactivated in the dark and are thus not observable in the P 700 redox change experiments.…”

Section: Involvement Of the Ndh Complex In Cyclic Electron Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burrows et al, 1998) was considerably much slower than that measured in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Maxwell and Biggins, 1976;Ravenel et al, 1994) or in cyanobacteria (Mi et al, 1992), suggesting a very slow recycling of electrons around PS I in vivo. The existence of cyclic electron transport in vivo in C 3 plants has also been questioned by photoacoustic measurements in far-red light (Herbert et al, 1990), which allow a direct and quantitative measure of energy storage (ES) by cyclic electron flow around PS I (for review, see Malkin and Canaani, 1994). This method has confirmed the existence of cyclic electron transfer reactions in C 4 plants, algae, and cyanobacteria (Herbert et al, 1990), but failed to show significant cyclic activity in C 3 plant leaves (Herbert et al, 1990;Havaux et al, 1991;Malkin et al, 1992).…”

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Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I in C3 Plants. In Vivo Control by the Redox State of Chloroplasts and Involvement of the NADH-Dehydrogenase Complex

Joët

2002

Plant Physiology

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Cyclic electron flow around photosystem (PS) I has been widely described in vitro in chloroplasts or thylakoids isolated from C 3 plant leaves, but its occurrence in vivo is still a matter of debate. Photoacoustic spectroscopy and kinetic spectrophotometry were used to analyze cyclic PS I activity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Petit Havana) leaf discs illuminated with far-red light. Only a very weak activity was measured in air with both techniques. When leaf discs were placed in anaerobiosis, a high and rapid cyclic PS I activity was measured. The maximal energy storage in far-red light increased to 30% to 50%, and the half-time of the P 700 re-reduction in the dark decreased to around 400 ms; these values are comparable with those measured in cyanobacteria and C 4 plant leaves in aerobiosis. The stimulatory effect of anaerobiosis was mimicked by infiltrating leaves with inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration or of the chlororespiratory oxidase, therefore, showing that changes in the redox state of intersystem electron carriers tightly control the rate of PS I-driven cyclic electron flow in vivo. Measurements of energy storage at different modulation frequencies of far-red light showed that anaerobiosis-induced cyclic PS I activity in leaves of a tobacco mutant deficient in the plastid Ndh complex was kinetically different from that of the wild type, the cycle being slower in the former leaves. We conclude that the Ndh complex is required for rapid electron cycling around PS I.During oxygenic photosynthesis, photosystem (PS) II and PS I cooperate to achieve a linear electron flow from H 2 O to NADP ϩ and to generate a transmembrane proton gradient driving ATP synthesis. However, ATP can also be produced by the sole PS I through cyclic electron transfer reactions (Arnon, 1959). This mechanism enables the generation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane without NADP reduction by rerouting electrons of reduced PS I acceptors toward the intersystem carriers. Cyclic and linear electron transfers share a common sequence of electron carriers, namely the plastoquinone (PQ) pool, cytochrome b 6 /f complex, and plastocyanin (for review, see Fork and Herbert, 1993; Bendall and Manasse, 1995). This alternative electron flow has been shown to occur in vivo in cyanobacteria (Carpentier et al., 1984), in algae (Maxwell and Biggins, 1976; Ravenel et al., 1994), and in bundle sheath cells of C 4 plants (Herbert et al., 1990; Asada et al., 1993). In cyanobacteria, cyclic electron flow around PS I has been shown to provide extra ATP for different cellular processes, e.g. adaptation to salt stress conditions (Jeanjean et al., 1993). In the bundle sheath cell chloroplasts of C 4 plants, PS II is low or undetectable (Woo et al., 1970) and ATP supply is totally dependent upon PS I-mediated cyclic electron transport (Leegood et al., 1981).In C 3 plants, PS I-driven cyclic electron flow has been studied mainly in vitro on isolated chloroplasts or thylakoids with addition of artificial cofactors or reduced ferredoxi...

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Section: Cyclic Electron Transport Around Ps I In Different Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cyclic Electron Transport Around Ps I In Different Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anaerobiosis-induced Cyclic Electron Transport Around Ps I Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Involvement Of the Ndh Complex In Cyclic Electron Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I in C3 Plants. In Vivo Control by the Redox State of Chloroplasts and Involvement of the NADH-Dehydrogenase Complex

Joët

2002

Plant Physiology

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Spectroscopy, Photoacoustic

Harren

Reuß

2003

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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Probing Electron Transport through and around Photosystem II in vivo by the Combined Use of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Chlorophyll Fluorometry

Havaux

1998

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Abstract. Photoacoustic spectroscopy and chlorophyll fluorometry were used in combination to monitor in vivo several aspects of the photosystem I1 (PSII) function (0, evolution, electron transport, and energy storage) in leaves of various plant genotypes. Exposure of barley leaves to 45 "C in low light induced a rapid and complete disruption of the 0,-evolving complex of PSII, as shown by the suppression of the photobaric component of the photoacoustic signal. The photoacoustically measured loss of 0, evolution during heat stress (i) was confirmed by polarographic measurements of 0, exchange by the leaf samples, (ii) was shown to be independent of the activity of the carbonic anhydrase, and (iii) was not correlated with a concomitant suppression of the photochemical energy storage and the electron transport activity of PSII. The maintenance of a significant PSII photochemical activity in the absence of 0, evolution is indicative of cyclic electron transport around PSII which bypasses the 0,-evolving complex. The modulation-frequency dependence of the energy stored during cyclic PSII activity, its inhibition by the herbicide diuron, and its insensitivity to the plastoquinol antagonist DBMIB ( 2 5 dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone) indicated that QB, the secondary electron acceptor of PSII, is involved in the electron cycle and that the rate-limiting step of the cycle is a reaction with a half-time of ca. 1.5 ms. In the absence of heat stress, overreduction of the plastoquinone pool by strong illumination or by leaf infiltration with DBMIB was not sufficient to induce appreciable cyclic electron transport around PSII. The electron cycle was insensitive to preferential excitation of carotenoids with a blue-green light and was not significantly affected by the operation of the xanthophyll cycle. Interruption of the electron cycle by diuron during prolonged heat treatment in moderate light was accompanied by a marked peroxidation of the chloroplast thylakoid membranes, as revealed by the appearance of chlorophyll thermoluminescence bands in the temperature range 70-1 20 "C, demonstrating the photoprotective function of electron cycling around PSII.

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The Use and Characteristics of the Photoacoustic Method in the Study of Photosynthesis

Cited by 91 publications

References 59 publications

Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I in C3 Plants. In Vivo Control by the Redox State of Chloroplasts and Involvement of the NADH-Dehydrogenase Complex

Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I in C3 Plants. In Vivo Control by the Redox State of Chloroplasts and Involvement of the NADH-Dehydrogenase Complex

Spectroscopy, Photoacoustic

Probing Electron Transport through and around Photosystem II in vivo by the Combined Use of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Chlorophyll Fluorometry

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