The use of 360-degree virtual tours to promote mountain walking tourism: stimulus–organism–response model

Wu, Xiaohong; Lai, Ivan Ka Wai

doi:10.1007/s40558-021-00218-1

Cited by 78 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Nevertheless, quantitative analysis revealed a positive correlation between flow state and outcomes for both groups of regions, which matches previous studies with Western people (da Silva deMatos et al , 2021) and Eastern people (Liu et al , 2019; Wei et al , 2021; Wu and Lai, 2022; Yang et al , 2022). We consider this to be because the cultural values of young Chinese have accepted more or less Western values, such as individualism (Li and Lu, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Appendixsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…We confirmed their findings from many studies, e.g. one dimension (Huang et al , 2017; Lin et al , 2021; Wang et al , 2020; Wu and Lai, 2022); two dimensions (Liu et al , 2020); three dimensions (Gao et al , 2017; Karasakal and Albayrak, 2022; Yang et al , 2022); and four dimensions (Wei et al , 2021). On the over challenge issue in the high-challenge (photo shooting) tours. The average value of the flow state in the GPHOTO group was slightly lower than that in the GNOPHOTO group (4.6309 < 4.7545, calculated from Table 3), whereas the average value of outcomes in the GPHOTO group was significantly higher than that in the GNOPHOTO group (4.7038 > 4.4883, calculated from Table 5).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Flow is a subjective and positive psychological phenomenon that “people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter” (Csíkszentmihályi, 1990). Applications of flow theory include sports (Jackson et al , 2001), games (Wu and Lai, 2022), online consumer behaviour (Chang, 2014; Huang et al , 2017; Liu et al , 2020; Novak et al , 2003), learning (Li et al , 2021; Liu and Song, 2021), daily life (Asakawa, 2004; Wang et al , 2020; Lin et al , 2021), work (Quinn, 2005) and others (da Silva deMatos et al , 2021). Studies have shown that one may improve the overall quality of life if one builds a positive personality through the flow state (Csikszentmihalyi and Rathunde, 1993).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wei et al (2021) found that cultural intelligence contributes to flow experiences via online and offline surveys at multiple cultural and creative tourist destinations in Taiwan using a four-dimensional flow scale. On the other hand, Wu and Lai (2022) used flow theory to study virtual tours for promoting mountain walking tourism in three cities in China. Yang et al (2022) studied flow experiences in virtual tourism with randomly selected consumers in several Chinese cities.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of cultural background on tourist flow process and outcomes: an empirical study with Chinese-speaking tourists in Japan

Pang

Li²,

Zhao³

2022

CBTH

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Purpose This paper aims to fill a research gap on whether cultural background (Eastern or Western) influences tourist flow experiences and outcomes with Chinese-speaking tourists. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted flow-aware, guided cultural tours in Kyoto, Japan, from March 2019 to February 2020. Tourists visited the same spots on the same route with the same guide to avoid discrepancies stemming from experiencing different tours with different guides. Professional photoshoots were conducted to study the flow experience under high challenges. Participants were Chinese-speaking tourists worldwide. The guide spoke in Chinese to minimise language bias. Participants were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire within one week of the tours. Findings The authors received 191 valid responses. Those from the Eastern regions showed significantly lower flow states and outcomes than their counterparts from the Western regions under high challenges, whereas this phenomenon was not observed under low challenges. A positive correlation between the flow state and outcomes was observed in both regional groups. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to apply flow theory to guided cultural tours with Chinese-speaking tourists from different cultural backgrounds. It was found that those from the Eastern regions can have flow experience and good outcomes in guided tours, although they may require a lower level of challenge. A managerial implication is that cultural tours should be designed considering the balance between challenges and tourists’ cultural background to optimise their flow experiences and outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Appendixsupporting

confidence: 91%

supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Influence of cultural background on tourist flow process and outcomes: an empirical study with Chinese-speaking tourists in Japan

Pang

Li²,

Zhao³

2022

CBTH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Exploring non‐immersive virtual reality experiences in tourism: Empirical evidence from a world heritage site

Zhu

Hall

et al. 2023

Journal of Tourism Research

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With the popularization of the concept of the metaverse, non‐immersive virtual reality (VR) has become a focus of tourism destination marketing. Drawing upon telepresence theory, this study identifies the antecedents and consequences of telepresence to help interpret tourist behavior in the context of non‐immersive VR experience. Results revealed that mental imagery and vividness positively predict tourist telepresence and satisfaction; Telepresence positively predicts satisfaction and intention during non‐immersive VR experiences. Our work enriches telepresence theory by identifying the antecedents and consequences of telepresence in the context of non‐immersive VR, and provides meaningful practical insights for similar attractions that adopt the technology.

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Short video marketing in tourism: Telepresence, celebrity attachment, and travel intention

Zhu,

Fong,

et al. 2023

Journal of Tourism Research

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Drawn upon Telepresence theory, this study aims to identify the relationships between existential authenticity, celebrity attachment, telepresence, and travel intention in the short video experience. Survey results show that existential authenticity fosters user attachment to celebrity and then travel intention, but has no impact on telepresence which is also not related to travel intention; Furthermore, celebrity attachment enhances travel intention. Although existential authenticity has no effect on telepresence, celebrity attachment mediates the relationship between existential authenticity and telepresence. This study offers insights to both scholars and practitioners, informing strategies for enhancing destination competitiveness through TikTok marketing campaigns.

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The use of 360-degree virtual tours to promote mountain walking tourism: stimulus–organism–response model

Cited by 78 publications

References 65 publications

Influence of cultural background on tourist flow process and outcomes: an empirical study with Chinese-speaking tourists in Japan

Influence of cultural background on tourist flow process and outcomes: an empirical study with Chinese-speaking tourists in Japan

Exploring non‐immersive virtual reality experiences in tourism: Empirical evidence from a world heritage site

Short video marketing in tourism: Telepresence, celebrity attachment, and travel intention

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