The Use of a Five-stage Sequential Leaching Procedure for Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Waste Rock Utilized in Railway Ballast

Kaakinen, Juhani; Kuokkanen, Toivo; Kujala, Katharina; Välimäki, Ilkka; Jokinen, Henna

doi:10.1080/15320383.2012.664183

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[4] It can be seen from Table 2 Table 1) but their real solubility (e.g. PBP values) is relatively poor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only scarce information is available from the use of sequential leaching as the study of utilization of the mine gangue [4,11]. Thus, the first aim of this study was to obtain more information about the suitability of a sequential leaching procedure for the utilization of the mine gangue.…”

Section: The Aim Of This Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leaching procedure has been previously described in much detail in our previous publications. [2,4,[13][14][15] In the second part of this study, single one-phase leachings were performed for the combination sample, whereas every leaching stage in the four-stage sequential leaching procedure was carried out separately for the waste rock material sample. Separate leaching stages were performed as described above.…”

Section: Sequential Extraction Procedures and Element Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessment of soil contamination and remediation needs should be based on an assessment of the hazard or harm to health or the environment represented by harmful substances in the soil. [4,10] The guideline values for harmful substances in soil, prescribed in the appendix to this Decree, must be used as a tool in assessing soil contamination and remediation needs. Unless otherwise determined in the assessment referred to the Government Degree (VNa 214/2007) [10], soil is regarded as contaminate:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Leaching does not mean total decomposition, and therefore, the leachable recoveries of chemical species are generally lower than their total concentrations. Recoveries can only reach the total values if an element is completely soluble in the leaching solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of a four-stage sequential leaching procedure and the corresponding one-phase extractions for risk assessment of potential harmful substances in waste rock utilized in railway ballast

Kaakinen

Kuokkanen

Leskinen

et al. 2015

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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The purpose of environmental legislation in the EU is prevention, minimization, and utilization of waste, respectively. When utilization is not possible, the purpose becomes the safe landfill disposal of waste, or disposal by other ecologically beneficial methods. In addition, material efficiency is an essential topic nowadays to promote the sustainable use of natural resources, waste materials, and industrial by-products, in agreement with the principle of sustainable development and LCA. To promote these goals, a four-stage sequential leaching procedure and determination of total concentrations was used in this research to determine the distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn, and V samples taken from waste rock material, originating from a Finnish zinc mine, and used as railway ballast in Northern Finland. The leaching procedure consists of the following five sequential fractions: (i) an acidic water-soluble fraction (H 2 O, pH = 4), (ii) an exchangeable fraction (CH 3 COOH), (iii) an easily reduced fraction (NH 2 OH-HCl), and (iv) oxidizable fraction (H 2 O 2 + CH 3 COONH 4 ). The results show that conditions and the size of ballast have a significant effect on the solubility of all heavy metals, and therefore on their mobility, bioavailability, and environmental risk. In addition, the total concentration of every element is much larger than its solubility in each four fractions (i)-(iv) or the sum of these concentrations -this sum can be called by the potential bioavailability -because the highest concentration is in the residual fraction. The leachability results determined here for waste rocks utilized as railway ballast show in good agreement with all earlier investigations determined for other waste or industrial by-products. Sequential leaching studies provide valuable information about the effect of conditions on the leachability/solubility, mobility, and bioavailability for risk assessment of harmful heavy metals. This information is necessary if we want to know the real environmental risk of metals in different conditions, possible in natural conditions now and in the future, i.e. not only in terms of the conditions pertaining to permission applications.

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“…[4] It can be seen from Table 2 Table 1) but their real solubility (e.g. PBP values) is relatively poor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Aim Of This Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sequential Extraction Procedures and Element Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The use of a four-stage sequential leaching procedure and the corresponding one-phase extractions for risk assessment of potential harmful substances in waste rock utilized in railway ballast

Kaakinen

Kuokkanen

Leskinen

et al. 2015

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Bioaccessibility Testing for Metals at Mine Sites

Veen

Lottermoser

2016

Environmental Indicators in Metal Mining

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Risk of Metal Mobilization from Redevelopment Activities in Hyperarid Climates: A Laboratory Experiment and Discussion

Sims

Keller

2014

Mine Water Environ

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The reclamation and redevelopment of abandoned mine sites into parks, golf courses, and residential communities in arid and hyperarid regions has been caused, in part, to rising land costs. A laboratory experiment using three columns was monitored for 273 days to evaluate trace metal and metalloid availability. The sediment from the Three Kids Mine that was used in this study is documented to contain high levels of trace metals and metalloids. The experiment simulated agricultural activities over time to assess whether fertilizers would mobilize trapped contaminants. Results indicate that irrigation and fertilizers can provide conditions for Pb, Mn, Zn, Al, Ba, Cu, and As to become mobile, though on a limited basis. There was an increase in Pb, Mn, Zn, Al, Ba, Cu, and As within the first 30 days followed by a decrease at 90 days. Concentrations of Pb, Mn, and Zn increased at 273 days due to application of fertilizer-fortified waters. This study shows the potential for mobilized trace metals and metalloids to enter the wider environment after developmental activities are finished.

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The Use of a Five-stage Sequential Leaching Procedure for Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Waste Rock Utilized in Railway Ballast

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

The use of a four-stage sequential leaching procedure and the corresponding one-phase extractions for risk assessment of potential harmful substances in waste rock utilized in railway ballast

The use of a four-stage sequential leaching procedure and the corresponding one-phase extractions for risk assessment of potential harmful substances in waste rock utilized in railway ballast

Bioaccessibility Testing for Metals at Mine Sites

Risk of Metal Mobilization from Redevelopment Activities in Hyperarid Climates: A Laboratory Experiment and Discussion

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