The use of a quasi-naturalistic riding method to investigate bicyclists’ behaviors when motorists pass

Chuang, Kai‐Hsiang; Hsu, Chih-Yu; Lai, Ching-Huei; Doong, Ji-Liang; Jeng, Ming-Chang

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.03.029

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…More recent work has found slower overtaking speeds for road widths of 3.0 m to 6.4 m without a cycle lane (Wilkinson et al, 1992), and (with the exception of Chuang et al, 2013) that cycle lane markings reduce the passing distance given to a cyclist by motor vehicle drivers (Parkin and Meyers, 2010;Harkey and Stewart, 1997;Wilkinson et al, 1992). Notwithstanding, Haileyesus et al (2007) suggest a safety benefit from cycle lanes.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In early work on the subject of passing distances, Watts (1984) found that a spacer bar 2 0.5 m long halved the percentage of vehicles passing less than 0.8 m from the cyclist. Walker (2007) and Chuang et al (2013) found that overtaking motorists gave apparently female looking cyclists more room. Walker also found that vehicles passed closer the further out he cycled (in the range 0.25 to 1.25 metres), passed closer in the morning peak hour than the evening peak hour (Walker, 2006), but that, with the exception of a high-visibility vest displaying the words 'Police' and 'camera cyclist', clothing made no difference (Walker, 2013).…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of road markings, lane widths and driver behaviour on proximity and speed of vehicles overtaking cyclists

Shackel

Parkin

2014

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of road markings, lane widths and driver behaviour on proximity and speed of vehicles overtaking cyclists

Shackel

Parkin

2014

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…This study was not able to record traffic flow or speed data. Chuang et al (2013) investigated the effect of vehicle passing distance on the cyclists behaviour, in terms of the cyclists' wheel angle, relative position and speed. Whilst road widths and cycle lane presence was not measured explicitly, the existence of a solid white line separating cyclists from motorised traffic was shown to have a positive effect on initial vehicle passing distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycle Lanes: Their Effect on Driver Passing Distances in Urban Areas

Stewart

McHale²

2014

Transport

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Abstract. The current literature in the field of cycle lanes has often shown contradictory evidence as to the benefits and risks of cycle lanes and previous work has specifically shown that on higher speed roads, drivers may pass closer to a cyclist when a cycle lane is present. Utilising an instrumented bicycle, we collected information as to the passing distance demonstrated by drivers when overtaking a cyclist within the urban (30mph/40mph) environment. The presented analysis shows that when a driver encounters a cyclist mid-block (i.e. not at a junction), there are more significant variables than the presence of a cycle lane that determines their overtaking distance. The three most significant variables identified are; absolute road width, the presence of nearside parking and the presence of an opposing vehicle at the time of an overtaking manoeuvre. The analysis also however, demonstrated that there is a larger unknown factor when it comes to overtaking distances. We postulate that this unknown variable is the driver them self and will vary by area, site and even time of day (i.e. different driving cultures, congestion, or frustration during peak times etc.) making it difficult to quantify.

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“…Walker (2007) found a mean overtaking distance for buses of 1.10m. Chuang et al (2013) found that bicyclists demonstrate a weaker lateral control when they are being passed by a bus compared to when they are being passed by a different type of road user. The authors suggest that the size of a bus makes it appear to be closer to the bicyclists than smaller vehicles, which can affect the steering control behaviour of the bicyclists.…”

Section: Overtaking Of Bicyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is suggested that a reluctance of drivers to stay out-of-lane in combination with lack of lengthy gaps in the adjacent lane and vehicle design issues that put bicyclists out of sight before overtaking is complete that cause drivers of long vehicles to pull back across before it is safe to do so, hence creating close proximities and frequent conflicts (Walker, 2007). Chuang et al (2013) found a lower mean overtaking distance for buses than for other categories of road users as well, although it must be mentioned that the number of overtaking events by buses was relatively low in their sample. These results are also largely confirmed by a study by Pai (2011), who investigated overtaking, rear-end and door crashes involving bicycles.…”

Section: Overtaking Of Bicyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sharing is (s)caring? Interactions between buses and bicyclists on bus lanes shared with bicyclists

Ceunynck

Dorleman

Daniëls

et al. 2017

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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This paper presents the results of an observation study of interactions between bicyclists and buses on shared bus lanes. Straight sections of two bus lanes shared with bicyclists in Belgium have been observed, and all interactions between bicyclists and buses during two full weeks have been recorded and analysed. Additionally the lateral position and riding speed of bicyclists that are in interaction with buses is compared with the behaviour of a control group. One of the bus lanes is in line with road design guidelines in a number of countries that state that a sufficiently narrow bus lane (<3.5m) is hypothesized to be safer than a somewhat wider bus lane, the other bus lane is too wide according to these guidelines and is hypothesized to lead to unsafe overtaking manoeuvres.The results show that dangerous interactions between bicyclists and buses are relatively frequent at both types of analysed bus lanes. Dangerous overtaking manoeuvres (a bus overtakes a bicyclist with an insufficient lateral distance) as well as dangerous bicycle-following situations (a bus drives behind a bicyclist with a small time headway) are quite common at both analysed bus lanes. The analyses could not confirm the hypothesis that a sufficiently narrow bus lane is safer than the wider bus lane. On the contrary, unsafe interactions even seem slightly more common at the narrow bus lane. Slightly more dangerous overtaking manoeuvres seem to take place at the narrow bus lane, but the difference is not statistically significant. Additionally, more bicycle-following situations take place at the narrower bus lane because overtaking is more difficult. The results show that buses often maintain unsafe time headways in these situations.The presence of a bus has an influence on the behaviour of the bicyclists. Bicyclists that get overtaken by a bus, ride more closely to the edge than bicyclists that are not in interaction with a bus. While the road design guidelines assume that bicyclists take up a width of one meter from the edge on bus lanes shared with bicyclists, the observations show that bicyclists take up much less space while being overtaken. The presence of a bus does not have a significant influence on the lateral stability of the bicyclist. There are also some indications that bicyclists who are involved in an interaction with a bus ride faster than bicyclists who are not involved in an interaction with a bus. KeywordsTraffic safety, bicyclists, shared use bus lanes, bus-bicycle interactions, overtaking proximity, time headway Research highlights First study about bicyclists' safety at bus lanes shared with bicyclists  Dangerous interactions are found to be quite common at bus lanes shared with bicyclists  Current design guidelines might not be optimal

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The use of a quasi-naturalistic riding method to investigate bicyclists’ behaviors when motorists pass

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of road markings, lane widths and driver behaviour on proximity and speed of vehicles overtaking cyclists

Influence of road markings, lane widths and driver behaviour on proximity and speed of vehicles overtaking cyclists

Cycle Lanes: Their Effect on Driver Passing Distances in Urban Areas

Sharing is (s)caring? Interactions between buses and bicyclists on bus lanes shared with bicyclists

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