The use of a risk assessment tool based on the Sanitation Safety Planning approach for the improvement of O&amp;M procedures of a wastewater treatment plant in Tanzania

Frattarola, Andrea; Domini, Marta; Sorlini, Sabrina

doi:10.1080/10807039.2018.1467748

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Moreover, the quantitative approach may serve as a reliable tool to reveal the potential occupational health and safety risks, but only from an overall perspective [33][34][35][36]. However, the demand for greater precision in risk assessment and hazard identification necessitates the application of other approaches as mentioned earlier.…”

Section: Risk Matrix For the Bottling Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Risk Assessment in Water Bottling Production: A Case Study of Maan Nestlé Pure Life Factory

Rbeht,

El-Ali Al-Waqfi,

Al-Jarrah

2023

IJSSE

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A comprehensive qualitative risk assessment (QRA) was conducted at the Maan Nestlé Pure Life factory, encompassing its production, storage, and bottling sections. Through a meticulous review of records, analysis of activities, and examination of work procedures, potential hazards within the factory were identified and subsequently categorized using the risk matrix technique. In total, seventeen hazards were identified, of which seven were deemed high risk, eight medium, and two low. This assessment underscores the imperative for measures aimed at risk control, reduction, or elimination. The QRA's qualitative approach, while effective in broad hazard identification, may have led to an incomplete hazard inventory. Nonetheless, it proved instrumental in pinpointing safety hazards and informing the development of robust safety policies. These policies integrate considerations of human behavior and equipment failure, focusing on preserving product quality while safeguarding the business and its operators. Despite the presence of an unsafe workplace, the study revealed that the need for new infrastructure is non-essential. Instead, a series of modifications are recommended, including the replacement of defective roofs, installation of electrical rolls and lifts, segregation of chemical storage, personnel training, and various ergonomic and procedural adjustments. The study further advocates for a subsequent phase of analysis utilizing quantitative techniques such as fault tree analysis. This is particularly pertinent for hazards requiring specific root cause identification, enabling the determination of necessary safety controls to address these root causes and prevent hazard occurrence.

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Section: Risk Matrix For the Bottling Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Risk Assessment in Water Bottling Production: A Case Study of Maan Nestlé Pure Life Factory

Rbeht,

El-Ali Al-Waqfi,

Al-Jarrah

2023

IJSSE

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“…In the case of flooding, electricity cuts, or lightning strikes, treatment plants may be rendered inoperable [76,77], undermining their roles as risk barriers and risk-monitoring control points. Multiple control points are thus important within [78] and beyond the plant, as well as occasional random sampling and analysis of water and/or farm produce to verify that the risk reduction measures are working, and to act as an early warning system; this is also applicable for the large variety of chemical water contaminants. In fact, as in the application of HACCP, the use of microbiological testing is seldom an effective means of monitoring control points because of the time required to obtain results.…”

Section: Monitoring Risks and Risk Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The WHO Guidelines for Safe Wastewater Use in Agriculture: A Review of Implementation Challenges and Possible Solutions in the Global South

Drechsel

Qadir

Galibourg

2022

Water

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Globally, the use of untreated, often diluted, or partly treated wastewater in agriculture covers about 30 million ha, far exceeding the area under the planned use of well-treated (reclaimed) wastewater which has been estimated in this paper at around 1.0 million ha. This gap has likely increased over the last decade despite significant investments in treatment capacities, due to the even larger increases in population, water consumption, and wastewater generation. To minimize the human health risks from unsafe wastewater irrigation, the WHO’s related 2006 guidelines suggest a broader concept than the previous (1989) edition by emphasizing, especially for low-income countries, the importance of risk-reducing practices from ‘farm to fork’. This shift from relying on technical solutions to facilitating and monitoring human behaviour change is, however, challenging. Another challenge concerns local capacities for quantitative risk assessment and the determination of a risk reduction target. Being aware of these challenges, the WHO has invested in a sanitation safety planning manual which has helped to operationalize the rather academic 2006 guidelines, but without addressing key questions, e.g., on how to trigger, support, and sustain the expected behaviour change, as training alone is unlikely to increase the adoption of health-related practices. This review summarizes the perceived challenges and suggests several considerations for further editions or national adaptations of the WHO guidelines.

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“…This can lead to environmental and public health risks, especially if untreated or partially treated sewage is reused for irrigation. Several studies have reported community and occupational health risks for farmers and STP workers, who are exposed to untreated or partially treated wastewater [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Health risks relate to pathogens (disease-causing organisms) such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminth eggs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No such study was found for India. Health risks were assessed for different exposure groups in six studies, such as (i) wastewater treatment plant workers and peri-urban farming communities reusing untreated or partially treated effluents in Hanoi, Vietnam [ 8 ] and Iringa, Tanzania [ 10 ], (ii) faecal sludge emptiers and sludge users in Iringa, Tanzania [ 14 ] and Cap-Haitien, Haiti [ 15 ], and (iii) exposure groups in the sanitation and wastewater system in Salta, Argentina [ 16 ] and Kampala, Uganda [ 17 ]. Of these studies, two used the SSP semi-quantitative health risk matrix for the identification of the highest health risks stemming from microbial, chemical, and physical hazards and related hazardous events [ 14 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study from Haiti [ 18 ] used data from regular E.coli monitoring of faecal-sludge-derived compost for microbial risk assessments. Frattarola et al used a mixed health risk assessment approach, combining SSP’s semi-quantitative matrix with operational and maintenance procedure scoring to identify hazardous events in plant operation [ 10 ]. Clavijo et al combined SSP with water safety planning and adapted the semi-quantitative risk levels to a percentage scale [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational Health Risk Assessment for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Kanpur, India

Babalola

Брайтенмозер

Furlong

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The treatment and reuse of wastewater for irrigation can lead to occupational health risks for sewage treatment plant (STP) workers and farmers. Sanitation Safety Planning (SSP) is an approach which can be used to measure and mitigate these risks. This paper explores what impact a novel secondary treatment process, consisting of an integrated permeate channel (IPC) membrane combined with a constructed wetland plus, has on the occupational health risks compared with the existing activated sludge wastewater treatment process and reuse system in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. A mixed methodology was used, which included key informant interviews, structured observations, and E. coli analysis. This data was used to undertake semi-quantitative risk assessments following the SSP approach. The novel secondary treatment increased the number of health risks which the STP workers were exposed to, but the severity of the risks was lower. This was due to the differences in treatment processes and infrastructures. The number of health risks for the farmers decreased both in number and severity. For their children, the severity of the health impacts decreased. These changes were due to the increase in the microbiological quality of the irrigation water. This study highlights the potential of using a semi-quantitative risk assessment to assess the occupational health impacts of using novel treatment technologies.

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The use of a risk assessment tool based on the Sanitation Safety Planning approach for the improvement of O&M procedures of a wastewater treatment plant in Tanzania

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Qualitative Risk Assessment in Water Bottling Production: A Case Study of Maan Nestlé Pure Life Factory

Qualitative Risk Assessment in Water Bottling Production: A Case Study of Maan Nestlé Pure Life Factory

The WHO Guidelines for Safe Wastewater Use in Agriculture: A Review of Implementation Challenges and Possible Solutions in the Global South

Occupational Health Risk Assessment for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Kanpur, India

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