The use of additives in livestock slurries to improve their flow properties, conserve nitrogen and reduce odours

Pain, B. F.; Thompson, R.B.; Cremer, Lidia; Holte, L. ten

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3659-1_14

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The potential for NH 3 volatilization is determined by certain characteristics of the slurry: the total solids content , the NHn÷-N concentration (Brunke et al, 1988) and pH (Pain et al, 1987). The potential for NH 3 volatilization is determined by certain characteristics of the slurry: the total solids content , the NHn÷-N concentration (Brunke et al, 1988) and pH (Pain et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The management practices most likely to considerably reduce NH 3 loss from surface-applied slurries applied to grassland appear to be (i) acidification of the slurry prior to application (Pain et al, 1987;, (ii) dilution (Brunke et al, 1988), and (iii) applying slurry during heavy rainfall (Pain et al, 1988). None of these factors had a sufficient effect for them to be recommended as management practices to greatly reduce NH 3 loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ammonia volatilization from cattle slurry following surface application to grassland

Thompson¹,

Pain²,

Rees³

1990

Plant Soil

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Three experiments were conducted to examine the influence of slurry application rate, wind speed and applying slurry in narrow bands on ammonia (NH3) volatilization from cattle slurry surface-applied to grassland. The experiments were conducted in the field using a system of small wind tunnels to measure NH 3 loss. There was an inverse relationship between slurry application rate and the proportion of NH4+-N volatilized. From slurry applied at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 m 3 ha -1, the respective proportions of NH4+-N lost by NH 3 volatization in 6 days were 60, 56, 49, 40, 44 and 44%. The negative relationship was most pronounced in the first 24 hours after application when 57-77% of the total loss for 6 days occurred. Wind speed had a positive effect on NH 3 volatilization, although the effect was small in relation to the total loss; increasing the wind speed from 0.5 to 3.0 m s -1 increased the total 5 day loss by a factor of 0.29. The effect of wind speed was also most pronounced in the first 24 hours when much of the NH 3 loss took place. The effect of reducing the surface area of the applied slurry was examined by comparing NH 3 volatilization from slurry broadcast across plots with that applied in narrow bands. Although the rate of NH 3 volatilization was considerably smaller from the banded application immediately after the slurry was applied, the difference between the treatments progressively narrowed until 2 days after application, after which a higher rate was maintained from the banded slurry. After 5 days the total loss from the banded application was 83% of that from broadcast slurry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia volatilization from cattle slurry following surface application to grassland

Thompson¹,

Pain²,

Rees³

1990

Plant Soil

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“…unacidified slurry treatment. Other workers have recorded yield increases of up to 10 % after application of acidified slurry compared with unacidified slurry (Pain et al 1987;Kiely 1988). The relationship 45 r…”

Section: Effect Of Separation and Acidification On Herbage Dry Mattermentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of separation and acidification of cattle slurry on ammonia volatilization and on the efficiency of slurry nitrogen for herbage production

Frost¹,

Stevens²,

Laughlin³

1990

J. Agric. Sci.

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S U M M A R YDuring the growing season of 1988 at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough, cattle slurry was kept whole or was separated through screens with mesh sizes of 5 mm, 3 mm, 0-25 mm and 0-015 mm. The resulting slurry liquids were either left unacidified or were acidified to pH 55 with 5M-H 2 SO 4 prior to application at 75 kg NH*-N/ha to perennial ryegrass in the field. Volatilization of ammonia was measured using ventilated enclosures. Plots treated with a range of rates of inorganic fertilizer N were used to construct response curves to assess the efficiency of N in slurry for herbage production compared with equinitrogenous inorganic fertilizer.On average over the season, acidification of cattle slurry decreased ammonia volatilization to < 15% of that from unacidified whole slurry. Compared with inorganic fertilizer N, the overall efficiency of NH*-N was 96% in acidified slurries and 36% in unacidified whole slurry. Ammonia volatilization from separated slurries decreased with decreasing mesh size to 39% of that from whole slurry for a 0015 mm mesh. The overall efficiency of NHJ-N in slurry separated through a 0015 mm mesh was 76%. A highly significant linear relationship was found between NH 3 -N volatilized from all slurry treatments and N offtake in herbage at all three harvests.

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“…Effective methods for lowering NH 3 volatilization from slurry in the field include acidification prior to surface spreading (Pain et al 1987) and injection (Thompson et al 1987). Slurry can be acidified with strong acids or acid salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of acidification with sulphuric acid on the volatilization of ammonia from cow and pig slurries

Stevens¹,

Laughlin²,

Frost³

1989

J. Agric. Sci.

114

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SUMMARYPig and cow slurries were applied to bare soil surfaces in the laboratory. Volatilization of NH3 was measured using ventilated enclosures for 3·25 days after slurry application. Slurries were acidified to pH values between 7 and 4 with 5 M H2SO4. Lowering cow slurry pH to 5·5 decreased NH2 volatilization by 95%, while lowering pig slurry pH to 6·0 decreased NH3 volatilization by 82%. A field experiment, measuring the volatilization of NH3 for 2 h after application to grassland stubble of slurry acidified to pH values between 7·5 and 5, gave similar results to the laboratory study.Titration curves were constructed within the pH range of 9 to 4 with cow and pig slurries. There was a significant (P < 0·05) positive correlation between the NH4+-N content of the slurries and the volume of acid required to attain a target pH of 6·0 for pig slurries and a pH of 5·5 for cow slurries. One litre of slurry containing 2 g of NH4+-N required c. 20 ml of 5 M H2SO4 for acidification.

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The use of additives in livestock slurries to improve their flow properties, conserve nitrogen and reduce odours

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Ammonia volatilization from cattle slurry following surface application to grassland

Ammonia volatilization from cattle slurry following surface application to grassland

Effect of separation and acidification of cattle slurry on ammonia volatilization and on the efficiency of slurry nitrogen for herbage production

Effect of acidification with sulphuric acid on the volatilization of ammonia from cow and pig slurries

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