The Use of Alcohol as a Moderator for Tinnitus-Related Distress

2016

Sci Rep

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Tinnitus is a phantom sound commonly thought of to be produced by the brain related to auditory deafferentation. The current study applies concepts from graph theory to investigate the differences in lagged phase functional connectivity using the average resting state EEG of 311 tinnitus patients and 256 healthy controls. The primary finding of the study was a significant increase in connectivity in beta and gamma oscillations and a significant reduction in connectivity in the lower frequencies for the tinnitus group. There also seems to be parallel processing of long-distance information between delta, theta, alpha1 and gamma frequency bands that is significantly stronger in the tinnitus group. While the network reorganizes into a more regular topology in the low frequency carrier oscillations, development of a more random topology is witnessed in the high frequency oscillations. In summary, tinnitus can be regarded as a maladaptive ‘disconnection’ syndrome, which tries to both stabilize into a regular topology and broadcast the presence of a deafferentation-based bottom-up prediction error as a result of a top-down prediction.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graph theoretical analysis of brain connectivity in phantom sound perception

Mohan

2016

Sci Rep

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“…Average Fourier cross-spectral matrices were computed for frequency bands delta (2–3.5 Hz), theta (4–7.5 Hz), alpha1 (8–10 Hz), alpha2 (10–12 Hz), beta1 (13–18 Hz), beta2 (18.5–21 Hz), beta3 (21.5–30 Hz) and gamma (30.5–44 Hz). These frequency bands are based on previous research in tinnitus ( Song et al, 2013a , Song et al, 2013b , Vanneste and De Ridder, 2011 , Vanneste et al, 2010b , Vanneste et al, 2011a ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging hubs in phantom perception connectomics

Mohan

2016

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Brain networks are small-world networks typically characterized by the presence of hubs, i.e. nodes that have significantly greater number of links in comparison to other nodes in the network. These hubs act as short cuts in the network and promote long-distance connectivity. Long-distance connections increase the efficiency of information transfer but also increase the cost of the network. Brain disorders are associated with an altered brain connectome which reflects either as a complete change in the network topology, as in, the replacement of hubs or as an alteration in the connectivity between the hubs while retaining network structure. The current study compares the network topology of binary and weighted networks in tinnitus patients and healthy controls by studying the hubs of the two networks in different oscillatory bands. The EEG of 311 tinnitus patients and 256 control subjects are recorded, pre-processed and source-localized using sLORETA. The hubs of the different binary and weighted networks are identified using different measures of network centrality. The results suggest that the tinnitus and control networks are distinct in all the frequency bands but substantially overlap in the gamma frequency band. The differences in network topology in the tinnitus and control groups in the delta, theta and the higher beta bands are driven by a change in hubs as well as network connectivity; in the alpha band by changes in hubs alone and in the gamma band by changes in network connectivity. Thus the brain seems to employ different frequency band-dependent adaptive mechanisms trying to compensate for auditory deafferentation.

“…Average Fourier cross-spectral matrices were computed for frequency bands delta (2-3.5 Hz), theta (4-7.5 Hz), alpha1 (8-10 Hz), alpha2 (10.5-12 Hz), beta1 (13-18 Hz), beta2 (18.5-21 Hz), beta3 (21.5-30 Hz), and gamma (30.5-44 Hz). These frequency bands are based on previous research with tinnitus (Vanneste et al, 2010b(Vanneste et al, , 2011cVanneste and De Ridder, 2012a).…”

Section: Eeg Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Related Functional Connectivity Changes Between Auditory Cortex and Cingulate in Tinnitus

2015

Brain Connectivity

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The question arises whether functional connectivity (FC) changes between the distress and tinnitus loudness network during resting state depends on the amount of distress tinnitus patients' experience. Fifty-five patients with constant chronic tinnitus were included in this study. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were performed and seed-based (at the auditory cortex) source localized FC (lagged phase synchronization) was computed for the different EEG frequency bands. Results initially demonstrate that the correlation between loudness and distress is nonlinear. Loudness correlates with beta3 and gamma band activity in the auditory cortices, and distress with alpha1 and beta3 changes in the subgenual, dorsal anterior, and posterior cingulate cortex. In comparison to nontinnitus controls, seed-based FC differed between the left auditory cortices for the alpha1 and beta3 bands in a network encompassing the posterior cingulate cortex extending into the parahippocampal area, the anterior cingulate, and insula. Furthermore, distress changes the FC between the auditory cortex, encoding loudness, and different parts of the cingulate, encoding distress: the subgenual anterior, the dorsal anterior, and the posterior cingulate. These changes are specific for the alpha1 and beta3 frequency bands. These results fit with a recently proposed model that states that tinnitus is generated by multiple dynamically active separable but overlapping networks, each characterizing a specific aspect of the unified tinnitus percept, but adds to this concept that the interaction between these networks is a complex interplay of correlations and anti-correlations between areas involved in distress and loudness depending on the distress state of the tinnitus patient.