The Use of Bile Salts to Improve Absorption of Tallow in Chicks, One to Three Weeks of Age

Abstract

Apparent fat absorption was 39.6 and 68.2% in chicks 4-7 and 14-19 days of age, respectively, fed purified-type diets with 8.2% tallow (TLW). Cholic acid (C.A.), chenodesoxycholic acid (Ch.A.) and taurocholate, sodium salt (T.A.) at .025 and .05% increased significantly the apparent absorption of fat by 8.4 percentage units in chicks 4-7 days of age, and as much as 10 percentage units in chicks 14-19 days of age. No significant increase in metabolized energy of diets was detected. C.A. was fed to S.C.W.L. hens at graded levels up to .2% in corn-soy diets containing either 4 or 8% TLW or hydrogenated soybean oil. No improvement in fat absorption or M.E. was detected in these hens which absorbed 86-89% of the fat. The data indicate that bile salts appear to be effective in improving the absorption of saturated-type fats only in young chicks whose absorptive mechanism for fat is not fully developed.

Changes in the concentration and composition of biliary and serum bile acids in the young domestic fowl

“…These correspond temporally with the changes in lipid digestion reported for the young chick (Freeman, 1976;Gomez and Polin, 1976;Katongole and March, 1980;Polin and Hussein, 1982;Krogdahl, 1985).…”

“…Important changes in digestive function occur in chicks during the first few weeks of age with the digestibility of fat increasing until 8 weeks of age (Freeman, 1976). Increases in the apparent absorption of fat in young chicks were observed when bile acids were included in the diet, indicating differences in digestive function between chicks and adults (Gómez and Polin, 1976). Katongole and March (1980) have shown that utilisation of fat increased until the chicks were about 6 weeks old and that the concentration of fatty acid-binding protein in the intestine increased from two until 6 weeks of age.…”

Effect of taurine and bile acid supplementation and their interaction on performance, serum components, ileal viscosity and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens

“…It has been proposed that the improvement in fat digestibility by addition of bile salt may be due to deficient bile salt secretion by the animal or renewal of the active catabolism of bile salts by the intestinal microflora (Adrizal et al, 2002;Maisonnier et al, 2003). Other researchers proposed another advantage of dietary bile salt in enhancing the digestibility of saturated fatty acids with long chains (Gomez & Polin, 1976;Kocsar et al, 1969). Generally, the improvement of digestibility coefficients by supplementing emulsifier to the diet occurs because non-fat nutrients become less protected by fat droplets and henceforth more available for digestive enzymes.…”

The Effect of Bile Acid on Lipid and Nitrogen Retention, Carcass Composition, and Dietary Metabolizable Energy in Very Young Chicks ,

“…tallow and mutton-fat, improves (Duckworth et al, 1950;March and Biely, 1957;Renner and Hill, I960;Fedde et al, I960;Carew et al, 1972;Gomez and Polin, 1976;Polin etal, 1980;Katongole and March, 1980). These data were acquired using light, medium, and heavy breed chicks.…”