The Use of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) in PP/HIPS Blends: Morphological, Thermal, Mechanical and Rheological Properties

Abstract

Polypropylene (PP) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) are two polymers that are frequently found in disposable waste. Both of these polymers are restricted from being separated in several ways. An easier way to reuse them in new applications, without the need for separation, would require them to be less immiscible. In this work, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a sub-product of the cashew agroindustry, was added as a third component to PP-HIPS mixtures and its effect as a compatibilizing agent was investigated. Morphological results showed that CNSL acted as an emulsifier by promoting reduction in the domains of the dispersive phase, HIPS, thus stabilizing the blends morphology. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis suggests that CNSL is preferably incorporated in the HIPS phase. Its plasticizing effect leads to more flexible materials, but no significant effect could be detected on impact resistance or elongation at break.

Rheological studies of SBS/EVA blends modified with bio-based cashew nut shell liquid

“…This behavior is not expected for a plasticizing agent. 16 Thus, the improvement of the elongation at break should be attributed to a compatibilizing effect. In order to estimate the actual significance of CNSL presence on the mechanical parameter, the variance analysis (ANOVA) and statistical data for the performance of SBS/EVA/CNSL samples were assessed.…”

Análisis comparativo de la eficiencia estabilizadora de asfaltenos del aceite de cáscara de Anacardium occidentale y productos comerciales

“…El Anacardium occidentales, conocido como marañón, merey, nuez de la india, cajú o anacardo, es un árbol originario de la América tropical, que se distribuye desde el sur de la Florida en Estados Unidos, hasta Brasil (Taiwo, 2015). El aceite de la cáscara de la semilla de A. occidentale, también conocido como Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) se extrae mediante disolventes y su composición principal aproximada es entre 71-82% de ácido anacárdico, 1.6 a 9.2% de Cardanol y 13.8 a 20.3% de Cardol (Nunes et al, 2019) y ha sido utilizado en diferentes investigaciones y en campos diferentes, como antibacterial (Kanehashi et al, 2015) y como antioxidante aplicado a biocombustible (Sánchez, Chávez, Ríos y Cardona, 2015).…”

Evaluación del aceite de Anacardium occidentale como inhibidor de floculación de asfaltenos

“…De la cáscara que envuelve a la nuez (pericarpio) se obtiene un aceite de color marrón oscuro denominado CNSL (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid), principalmente de compuestos fenólicos que combinan el carácter arómatico con largas cadenas alifáticas, ácido anacárdico, cardol y cardanol; este último es el más abundante y está presente en cantidades que varían desde el 68% hasta el 95% (Nunes et al, 2019).…”