The use of conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (<scp>CUVAF</scp>) as a biomarker of time spent outdoors

Kearney, Stephanie; O’Donoghue, Lisa; Pourshahidi, L.K.; Richardson, Patrick; Saunders, Kathryn

doi:10.1111/opo.12309

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…First, the area of CUVAF is typically largest next to the limbus, in accordance with the peripheral light focussing effect in which light striking the cornea near the limbus temporally or nasally is focussed much more intensely at the opposite limbus . Second, those who spend more time outdoors or in the sun are more likely to have a larger CUVAF area . Third, higher median CUVAF area is associated with an increased risk of pterygium, a condition associated with ocular UV light exposure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The BAF system does offer its own advantages: it uses a single wavelength laser, which is a more controlled excitation source, and the room does not need to be completely dark. The BAF system is also able to measure CUVAF intensity as well as area, although this has also been previously described using a CUVAF camera system . Despite these advantages, we do not advocate purchasing a cSLO solely for CUVAF imaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The BAF system is also able to measure CUVAF intensity as well as area, although this has also been previously described using a CUVAF camera system. 10 Despite these advantages, we do not advocate purchasing a cSLO solely for CUVAF imaging. CUVAF cameras do need to be custom-built, but the cost of doing so is far less than the cost of a cSLO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,7 Second, those who spend more time outdoors or in the sun are more likely to have a larger CUVAF area. [8][9][10][11][12] Third, higher median CUVAF area is associated with an increased risk of pterygium, a condition associated with ocular UV light exposure. 8 Last, CUVAF area in young adults is inversely associated with odds of myopia, a condition that is associated with less time spent outdoors during childhood and adolescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repurposing blue laser autofluorescence to measure ocular sun exposure

Lingham

Burton

Brown

et al. 2018

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Importance Excessive ocular sun exposure is linked to various eye pathologies. Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) is a method of detecting sun‐related conjunctival damage; however, the custom‐built camera system required is not readily available. Background We investigated whether blue laser autofluorescence (BAF) on a commonly used confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) can be utilized to measure CUVAF area. Design Cross‐sectional evaluation of a diagnostic technology at a medical research institute. Participants Sixty‐four participants recruited from three on‐going observational eye studies in Western Australia. Methods All participants had four images, two of each eye, captured using the CUVAF camera and BAF on the same day. Participants with pterygium or poor quality images were excluded from the analysis. Two graders measured CUVAF area in each image twice. CUVAF area measured by BAF was then compared to measurements determined with the conventional camera system. Main Outcome Measures CUVAF area. Results After exclusions, 50 participants' images were analysed. Intra‐ and inter‐observer repeatability were similar between the two systems. When comparing CUVAF area measured by BAF to the camera measurement, grader 1 had a mean difference of +1.00 mm2, with 95% limits of agreement −5.75 to 7.77 mm2. Grader 2 had a mean difference of +0.21mm2, with 95% limits of agreement −7.22 to 7.64 mm2. Conclusions and Relevance BAF on a commercially available cSLO is a valid method for measuring CUVAF area. This finding provides broader opportunity for identifying, monitoring and educating patients with sun‐exposure‐related ocular conditions and for researching the ocular impacts of sun exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repurposing blue laser autofluorescence to measure ocular sun exposure

Lingham

Burton

Brown

et al. 2018

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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“…Other objective measures of cumulative UVR exposure are also available such as silicone casts of the dorsum of the hand [6], DNA mutation loads of eye lids [7] or measurements of eye conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence [8]. The selection of the measurement tool will depend on the research question, feasibility, costs, and burden to study participants [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Physical Activity: Feasibility Study and Comparison Between Self-Reports, Mobile Apps, Dosimeters, and Accelerometers (Preprint)

Hacker¹,

Horsham²,

Allen³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Incidence and Progression of Myopia in Early Adulthood

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCE Myopia incidence and progression has been described extensively in children. However, few data exist regarding myopia incidence and progression in early adulthood.OBJECTIVE To describe the 8-year incidence of myopia and change in ocular biometry in young adults and their association with the known risk factors for childhood myopia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThe Raine Study is a prospective single-center cohort study. Baseline and follow-up eye assessments were conducted from January 2010 to August 2012 and from March 2018 to March 2020. The data were analyzed from June to July 2021. A total of 1328 participants attended the baseline assessment, and 813 participants attended the follow-up assessment. Refractive information from both visits was available for 701 participants. Participants with keratoconus, previous corneal surgery, or recent orthokeratology wear were excluded.EXPOSURES Participants' eyes were examined at ages 20 years (baseline) and 28 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incidence of myopia and high myopia; change in spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL).RESULTS A total of 516 (261 male [50.6%]) and 698 (349 male [50.0%]) participants without myopia or high myopia at baseline, respectively, were included in the incidences analyses, while 691 participants (339 male [49%]) were included in the progression analysis. The 8-year myopia and high myopia incidence were 14.0% (95% CI, 11.5%-17.4%) and 0.7% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.2%), respectively. A myopic shift (of 0.50 diopters [D] or greater in at least 1 eye) occurred in 261 participants (37.8%). Statistical significance was found in longitudinal changes in SE (−0.04 D per year; P < .001), AL (0.02 mm per year; P <.001), and lens thickness (0.02 mm per year; P < .001). Incident myopia was associated with self-reported East Asian vs White race (odds ratio [OR], 6.13; 95% CI, 1.06-35.25; P = .04), female vs male sex (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.02-3.22; P = .04), smaller conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence area (per 10-mm 2 decrease, indicating less sun exposure; OR, 9.86; 95% CI, 9.76-9.97; P = <.009), and parental myopia (per parent; OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.03-2.38; P = <.05). Rates of myopia progression and axial elongation were faster in female participants (estimate: SE, 0.02 D per year; 95 % CI, 0.01-0.02 and AL, 0.007 mm per year, 95 % CI, 0.00.-0.011; P Յ .001) and those with parental myopia (estimate per parent: SE, 0.01 D per year; 95% CI, 0.00-0.02 and AL, 95% CI, 0.002-0.008; P Յ .001). Education level was not associated with myopia incidence or progression.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest myopia progression continues for more than one-third of adults during the third decade of life, albeit at lower rates than during childhood. The protective effects of time outdoors against myopia may continue into young adulthood.

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The use of conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) as a biomarker of time spent outdoors

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Repurposing blue laser autofluorescence to measure ocular sun exposure

Repurposing blue laser autofluorescence to measure ocular sun exposure

Capturing Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Physical Activity: Feasibility Study and Comparison Between Self-Reports, Mobile Apps, Dosimeters, and Accelerometers (Preprint)

Incidence and Progression of Myopia in Early Adulthood

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