The Use of Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extracted from Cuminum cyminum Seeds for the Control of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica

Abstract

The essential oil (EO) and hydrosol (HL) isolated from Cuminum cyminum (cumin) seeds were evaluated against the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. The efficacy of extracts on the motility, hatching, and survival in soil of second-stage juveniles (J2s), and the activity on egg differentiation were tested. All J2s were paralyzed after immersion in the EO at 62.5 μL/L concentration for 96 h. Encouraging results were recorded using HL equal to or higher than 10% concentration for both Meloidogyne species tested. More than 70% paralyzed J2s were recorded after immersion for 48 h, while the percentage was increased to higher than 90% after 96 h of immersion. A clear effect on egg differentiation was observed after immersion in EO or HL. A significant decrease in egg differentiation was revealed at even low concentrations of EO while an evident decrease in egg differentiation was recorded after immersion of eggs in 50% HL dilution. Decreased hatching of M. incognita and M. javanica J2s was observed with the increase in concentration. The lowest numbers of hatched J2s were recorded when EO was used at 1000 and 2000 μL/L concentrations. A constant reduction in root-knot nematode J2 hatching was observed upon increasing the concentration of HL from 5% to 50%. The EO of C. cyminum is characterized by the presence of γ-terpinene-7-al (34.95%), cumin aldehydes (26.48), and α-terpinene-7-al (12.77%). The above constituents were observed in HL following the same order as that observed in EO. The components γ-terpinene (11.09%) and ο-cymene (6.56%) were also recorded in EO while they were absent in HL.

Bazı baharat ekstraktlarının Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae)’ya karşı nematisidal potansiyellerinin araştırılması

“…In our study, cumin extracts inhibited hatching in 39.5-59.3% of eggs, immobilized 12.5-22.9% of J2s, and killed 8.5-16.4% of J2s. The effects of essential oil and hydrosol isolated from cumin seeds on the mobility, hatching, and survival of J2s of M. incognita and M. javanica were studied by Pardavella et al (2020). Lower hatching of RKN eggs was observed with an increasing concentration of extracts, which is consistent with the current study.…”

Valorization of the Hydrolate Byproduct from the Industrial Extraction of Purple Alium sativum Essential Oil as a Source of Nematicidal Products

“…In recent years, a significant amount of research on the detection of nematicide products in hydrolates has been carried out. However, most studies tested aqueous extracts obtained by laboratory hydrodistillation (Clevenger apparatus) [34][35][36] without further processing, making these extracts difficult to standardize and replicate. The extraction of the organic fraction of the hydrolate allows quantifying the nematicidal activity as well as to standardize and characterize (chemical marker, chemical fingerprint) different batches of this active byproduct [9].…”

Nematicidal Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds from Microorganisms and Plants on Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

“…The essential oil of Cuminum cyminum has been found to have nematicidal activity against both M. incognita and M. javanica [55]. In essential oils extracted from C. cyminum seeds, p-cymene and γ-terpinene are the main nematicidal compounds.…”