“…Besides, survey of the existing literature (e.g. Brijlal et al, 2014;Tayles, Pike & Sofian, 2007; indicates shortage of empirical studies that integrate costing, budgeting, and performance measurement practices with moderating variable of the external business environment, although few studies have indicated how costing, budgeting, performance measurement practices, and external business environment can stimulate profit growth and drive forward performance. Also, there is dearth of research regarding the use of external business environment as moderator in the context of SMEs (Drury & Tayles,1995;Alkizza& Akbar, 2006;CGA, 2010;Shehu& Mahmood, 2014).In Sudan, the application of management accounting practices (MAPs) in SMEs is limited, and there are few studies relating MAPs usage to the performance of SMEs.…”