The use of immunoglobulins in the treatment of human epilepsy

Villani, Flavio; Avanzini, G.

doi:10.1007/s100720200013

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…ACTH, steroids and IVIg have all been employed to treat AED-unresponsive pediatric epilepsies, including Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, 163,164 Landau–Kleffner syndrome, 165,166 difficult partial epilepsies, and myoclonic–astatic epilepsies. 167 Unfortunately, determination of whether patients received benefit from these treatments is problematic, since most of these epilepsies are extremely heterogeneous in etiology and severity, and exhibit notoriously variable courses.…”

Section: Immune and Anti-inflammatory Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of inflammation in epilepsy

French²,

et al. 2010

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Epilepsy is the third most common chronic brain disorder, and is characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate seizures. Despite progress in pharmacological and surgical treatments of epilepsy, relatively little is known about the processes leading to the generation of individual seizures, and about the mechanisms whereby a healthy brain is rendered epileptic. These gaps in our knowledge hamper the development of better preventive treatments and cures for the ≈30% of epilepsy cases that prove resistant to current therapies. Here, we focus on the rapidly growing body of evidence that supports the involvement of inflammatory mediators—released by brain cells and peripheral immune cells—in both the origin of individual seizures and the epileptogenic process. We first describe aspects of brain inflammation and immunity, before exploring the evidence from clinical and experimental studies for a relationship between inflammation and epilepsy. Subsequently, we discuss how seizures cause inflammation, and whether such inflammation, in turn, influences the occurrence and severity of seizures, and seizure-related neuronal death. Further insight into the complex role of inflammation in the generation and exacerbation of epilepsy should yield new molecular targets for the design of antiepileptic drugs, which might not only inhibit the symptoms of this disorder, but also prevent or abrogate disease pathogenesis.

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Section: Immune and Anti-inflammatory Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of inflammation in epilepsy

French²,

et al. 2010

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“…There are however beneficial effects which have been described (not on brain development) following intravenous infusion of immunoglobulins; e.g. in the treatment of epilepsy (an anticonvulsant effect and significantly increased seizure threshold) both in patients and in animal models [56,57]. Authors suggest that the evidence for the non-immunological actions of immunoglobulins is related to the time course of the response to treatment of patients with different forms of epilepsy (an immediate response suggests a direct neuromodulating effect) [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in the treatment of epilepsy (an anticonvulsant effect and significantly increased seizure threshold) both in patients and in animal models [56,57]. Authors suggest that the evidence for the non-immunological actions of immunoglobulins is related to the time course of the response to treatment of patients with different forms of epilepsy (an immediate response suggests a direct neuromodulating effect) [57]. The possible mechanisms of extra-immunological effects of immunoglobulins have not yet been elucidated and require further investigation, especially with regards to the development of the CNS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of neonatal immunoglobulin transfer for hippocampal development and behaviour in the newborn pig

et al. 2017

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Neurological disorders are among the main clinical problems affecting preterm children and often result in the development of communication and learning disabilities later in life. Several factors are of importance for brain development, however the role of immunoglobulins (passive immunity transfer) has not yet been investigated. Piglets are born agammaglobulinemic, as a result of the lack of transfer of maternal immunoglobulins in utero, thus, they serve as an ideal model to mimic the condition of immunoglobulin deficiency in preterm infants. Thirty six, unsuckled newborn piglets were fed an infant formula or colostrum and supplemented orally or intravenously with either species-specific or foreign immunoglobulin and then compared to both newborn and sow-reared piglets. Two days after the piglets were born behavioural tests (novel recognition and olfactory discrimination of conspecifics scent) were performed, after which the piglets were sacrificed and blood, cerebrospinal fluid and hippocampi samples were collected for analyses. Both parameters of neuronal plasticity (neuronal maturation and synapse-associated proteins) and behavioural test parameters appeared to be improved by the appearance of species-specific porcine immunoglulin in the circulation and cerebrospinal fluid of the piglets. In conclusion, we postulate possible positive clinical effects following intravenous infusion of human immunoglobulin in terms of neuronal plasticity and cognitive function in preterm infants born with low blood immunoglobulin levels.

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“…Patolojisi henüz aydınlatıla-mamış bu tabloda steroid tedavisi ile konuşma fonksiyonlarında belirgin düzelme izlenmiş [18] ve IVIG tedavisinden yarar sağlandığı gösterilmiştir. [19,20] Etiyolojiye yönelik araş-tırmalar henüz sonuç vermekten uzaktır.…”

Section: Landau-kleffner Sendromuunclassified

Immunotherapy Responsive Epilepsies: General Clinical Features, Commonly Detected Antibodies and Treatment Studies

Eki̇zoğlu¹

2015

Epilepsi

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SummaryThe role of immunity and inflammation in epilepsy has long been considered and in recent years, discovery of some antibodies against to various neuronal antigens especially in cases refractory to conventional anti-epileptic drugs raised the concept of "autoimmune epilepsy". Immunotherapy may lead to significant benefits in cases with suspicion of autoimmune etiology. In this paper, epileptic pictures with a known autoimmune aspect as well as those pictures with recent increased awareness due to the discovery of neuronal auto-antibodies responding to immunotherapies and their management options are summarized.Keywords: Epilepsy; immunotherapy; autoantibodies; autoimmunity. ÖzetEpilepside immünite ve enflamasyonun rolü üzerinde uzun zamandır durulmakta olup, son yıllarda özellikle geleneksel antiepileptik ilaçlara dirençli olgularda birtakım nöronal antijenlere karşı gelişen antikorların saptanması ile "otoimmün epilepsi" kavramı doğmuştur. Otoimmün etiyolojiden şüphelenilen olgularda immün tedavinin başarılı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu yazıda otoimmün boyutu bilinen epilepsi tablolarının yanısıra, son yıllarda önemi artan immüntedaviye yanıtlı nöronal otoantikorlarla ilişkili tablolar ve tedavi seçenekleri özetlenmiştir.

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The use of immunoglobulins in the treatment of human epilepsy

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

The role of inflammation in epilepsy

The role of inflammation in epilepsy

Importance of neonatal immunoglobulin transfer for hippocampal development and behaviour in the newborn pig

Immunotherapy Responsive Epilepsies: General Clinical Features, Commonly Detected Antibodies and Treatment Studies

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