The use of intravenous anesthesia and sedation techniques in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Dembo, J.

doi:10.1016/s0278-2391(10)80342-8

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…currently unknown. Some drugs like morphine, promethazine, alprazolam and atropine, alone or in combination are used as anesthetic pre-medication that were originally introduced to facilitate the induction of anesthesia [16][17][18][19]. In modern anesthesia, the aim of premedication is to allay anxiety or to relive pain in patients awaiting surgery [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other anesthetics which are often used in clinical practice such as benzodiazepines have been much less studied, and their potential as kidney protectors is currently unknown. Some drugs like morphine, promethazine, alprazolam and atropine, alone or in combination are used as anesthetic pre‐medication that were originally introduced to facilitate the induction of anesthesia [16–19]. In modern anesthesia, the aim of pre‐medication is to allay anxiety or to relive pain in patients awaiting surgery [20–23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre‐medication and renal pre‐conditioning: a role for alprazolam, atropine, morphine and promethazine

Ajami

Habibey

2010

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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Four pre-medication drugs are used to relieve pain, allay anxiety, reduce secretion and enhance hypnosis, were evaluated for their effects on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury which is one of the major complications of vascular and transplantation surgery. Right kidney was removed from female rats (210-250 g) 3 weeks before surgical procedure. Different doses of morphine (0.5, 2 and 5 mg/kg), promethazine (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg), atropine (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg) and alprazolam (0.08, 0.32 and 0.64 mg/kg) were administered subcutaneously 30 min before left renal artery occlusion and 6 h reperfusion. Left kidneys were processed for histological evaluations. Creatinine and BUN were measured in serum samples. Morphine, promethazine, atropine and alprazolam at all evaluated doses significantly decreased serum creatinine and BUN levels and histopathological scores. The effects of promethazine (1 mg/kg) and all doses of alprazolam were more potent than other pre-medication drugs and doses. This study suggested a protective effect of these pre-medication drugs on I/R injury. Although obvious studies are required, these findings may lead to effective therapies against I/R injury.

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