The use of inverse vulcanised polysulfide as an intelligent interfacial modifier in rubber/carbon black composites

Wang, Dong; Tang, Zhenghai; Fang, Shifeng; Wu, Siwu; Zeng, Hui; Wang, Aijia; Guo, Baochun

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2021.08.053

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Bound rubber (BR) is the rubber that is physically adsorbed or chemically grafted on filler surface and cannot be extracted by its good solvent anymore after mixing, reflecting the interfacial adhesion between the filler and rubber. , The more BR content, the stronger the interfacial adhesion. As depicted in Figure a, compared with the SBR/Blank compound, the BR content in SBR/SPV1- y compounds are gradually increased with the SPV1 dosage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inverse vulcanized polysulfide copolymer (SP) was first synthesized via the bulk copolymerization of S 8 (140 g, 0.55 mol) and styrene (60 g, 0.58 mol) at 130 °C for 6 h, as described in our previous work. , The successful synthesis of SP was validated by 1 H NMR and DSC measurements (Figures S1 and S2). GPC measurement indicated the SP molecular weight of 868 g/mol, and elemental analysis revealed that the mass fractions of S, C, and H in SP were 63.2%, 36.4%, and 3.4%, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inverse Vulcanization of Vinyltriethoxysilane: A Novel Interfacial Coupling Agent for Silica-Filled Rubber Composites

et al. 2022

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Sulfur-containing silane coupling agents (SSCAs) are widely incorporated into silica-filled rubber composites to improve silica dispersion and enhance interfacial adhesion, maximizing the potential of silica. However, SSCA synthesis involves multistep procedures and requires organic solvents. In addition, modifying rubber composites with SSCAs has persistent issues, such as low coupling efficiency and uncontrollable structure. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of alkoxysilyl-functionalized polysulfides (SPVs) with a tunable molecular structure (sulfur rank and alkoxysilyl fraction) via inverse vulcanization of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) with a copolymer of sulfur and styrene. SPVs serve as interfacial modifiers in silica-filled rubber composites by separately reacting with the silica and rubber chains. In particular, the multiple alkoxysilyl sites in the SPV chain increase the probability of silanization, yielding high coupling efficiency in the rubber composite. Although the molar content of alkoxysilyl groups in SPV1 (the mass feed ratio of VTES and copolymer is 1) is half of that in the most widely used small-molecules SSCAs of bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, stronger interfacial adhesion and better silica dispersion are achieved in SPV1-modified composites, which consequently lead to more improvements on the composite properties. In addition, the advantages of SPV1 as an interfacial modifier in improving the “magic triangle” properties of a practical tread composite have been demonstrated. More importantly, the effects of the SPV molecular structure on silica dispersion and interfacial adhesion have been investigated, providing the fundamentals for unraveling the coupling mechanism and guiding composite property regulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Vulcanization of Vinyltriethoxysilane: A Novel Interfacial Coupling Agent for Silica-Filled Rubber Composites

et al. 2022

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“…From the DSC results in Figure S12 and Table S5, the crystallinity of EUG-SP-8 (CB) was lower than that of EUG-SP-8 . As reported, CB could capture part of sulfur radicals generated from SP during vulcanization, and the phenyls in SP can interact with electron-rich graphitic CB, and this interaction could reduce the regularity of the EUG chain, resulting in decreased crystallinity . We suspected that the self-reinforcing effect of crystallization was dominant over the CB reinforcing, so the tensile strength of EUG-SP-8 is higher than that of EUG-SP-8 (CB) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The energy storage modulus of EUG-SP-8 was greatly increased from 2000 to 5000 MPa with CB reinforcement, while the value of tan δ and loss modulus around T g of EUG-SP-8(CB) are lower than that of EUG-SP-8 . This can be ascribed to the improvement dispersity and compatibility of CB and EUG; a large number of EUG chains are adsorbed on the surface of CB and trapped in the CB network, which reduces the amount of rubber that can participate in the glass transition and reduced the tanδ value . Herein, the interface interaction between CB and EUG was enhanced; hence, the damping loss curves move to a high temperature zone (Figure c), resulting in the increased damping peak at room temperature and sound absorption performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Vulcanization Polymer-Modified Eucommia ulmoides Gum with Enhanced Shape Memory Capability and Sound Absorption Property

Kong

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Sulfur-rich polymers (SP) were prepared using styrene as a comonomer in inverse vulcanization with elemental sulfur and used as a vulcanizer for Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) modification to generate EUG-SP-x. The effects of SP on the vulcanization process and mechanical properties of EUG-SP-x were investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break increased gradually with the increase of SP from 4 to 8 phr, and EUG-SP-8 displayed a high tensile strength of 29.54 MPa, elongation at break of 573%, and a high toughness of 60.88 MJ m–3, superior to those of conventional vulcanization EUG (EUG-S-5.59 (CB)) and inverse vulcanization NR (NR-SP-8 (CB)). When the amount of SP was 10 phr, the crystallization property of EUG was greatly damaged, and EUG-SP-10 showed the stress–strain curve of elastomers. Dynamic mechanical analysis results showed that tanδ of EUG-SP-8 is 0.3 at −45 °C, 0.111 at 0 °C, and 0.014 at 60 °C, portending excellent low rolling resistance and potential application in green tires. Sound absorption properties and shape memory capabilities were also investigated. EUG-SP-xs displayed improved sound absorption property at room temperature and excellent shape memory capability with quick recovery at moderate temperatures.

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“…Bound rubber content can be used to evaluate the interaction between filler and rubber. 42 Higher bound rubber content, means better properties. The bound rubber content (C BR ) of the CNCH/NR composite is 31.1%, which is much higher than that of the MC/NR composite (20.9%), suggesting stronger interaction between NR and CNCH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading the Pyrolysis Carbon Black from Waste Tire by Hybridization with Cellulose

Yang

Liang

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The pyrolysis carbon black (CBp) from waste tires accounts for more than 35% of pyrolysis products. Its poor reinforcing ability and low additional value limit heavily the wide application of thermal pyrolysis in resolving “the black pollution” problem caused by waste tires. In this study, the CBp was upgraded by hybridization with cellulose via ball milling of the CBp and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). A series of characterizations show that the refinement of the CBp, nanofibrillation of MFC, and hybridization were simultaneously realized under the ball milling. The obtained CBp/nanocellulose hybrid (CNCH) has a bead-chain-like morphology, with the small CBp particles attached tightly to the cellulose nanofibers via hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond interactions. The aqueous suspension of CNCH was spray-dried and compounded with natural rubber (NR). CNCH showed a much higher reinforcing ability than the CBp and ball-milled CBp (mCBp), which was attributed to the unique bead-chain-like morphology, the fine dispersion of CNCH, the interlocking effect, and improved interface interaction between CNCH and NR molecular chains. Especially, NR reinforced by CNCH has very low hysteresis and higher antiabrasion ability, which means CNCH has obvious advantages to be used as reinforcing fillers in tires. The upgrading process is simple, environmentally friendly, and suitable for industrial applications. This work is expected to provide a theoretical basis and technical instruction for the use of the CBp in tires, accelerate the industrialization of pyrolysis, and resolve the black pollution problem.

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The use of inverse vulcanised polysulfide as an intelligent interfacial modifier in rubber/carbon black composites

Cited by 32 publications

References 52 publications

Inverse Vulcanization of Vinyltriethoxysilane: A Novel Interfacial Coupling Agent for Silica-Filled Rubber Composites

Inverse Vulcanization of Vinyltriethoxysilane: A Novel Interfacial Coupling Agent for Silica-Filled Rubber Composites

Inverse Vulcanization Polymer-Modified Eucommia ulmoides Gum with Enhanced Shape Memory Capability and Sound Absorption Property

Upgrading the Pyrolysis Carbon Black from Waste Tire by Hybridization with Cellulose

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