The Use of Micro- and Nanocarriers for Resveratrol Delivery into and across the Skin in Different Skin Diseases—A Literature Review

Abstract

In recent years, polyphenols have been extensively studied due to their antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown that anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols play an important role in the prevention of bacterial infections, as well as vascular or skin diseases. Particularly, resveratrol, as a multi-potent agent, may prevent or mitigate the effects of oxidative stress. As the largest organ of the human body, skin is an extremely desirable target for the possible delivery of active substances. The transdermal route of administration of active compounds shows many advantages, including avoidance of gastrointestinal irritation and the first-pass effect. Moreover, it is non-invasive and can be self-administered. However, this delivery is limited, mainly due to the need to overpassing the stratum corneum, the possible decomposition of the substances in contact with the skin surface or in the deeper layers thereof. In addition, using resveratrol for topical and transdermal delivery faces the problems of its low solubility and poor stability. To overcome this, novel systems of delivery are being developed for the effective transport of resveratrol across the skin. Carriers in the micro and nano size were demonstrated to be more efficient for safe and faster topical and transdermal delivery of active substances. The present review aimed to discuss the role of resveratrol in the treatment of skin abnormalities with a special emphasis on technologies enhancing transdermal delivery of resveratrol.

Nanostructured-lipid carriers-Chitosan hydrogel beads carrier system for loading of resveratrol: A new method of topical application

“…Simultaneously, the resveratrol release mechanisms of each sample were assessed using the correlation coefficients fit from the following set of equations, including zero-order (5), first-order (6), Higuchi (7), Rigter-Peppas (8), and Weibull (9). Afterward, Ori-gin2021 Pro software (OriginLab, USA) was applied to fit the data…”

“…7 Currently, a variety of resveratrol-loaded nano-drug carriers have been developed, including liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions. 9 In addition, over the past decade or so, lipid nanoparticles were successfully applied in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods. 10 The properties of the more acknowledged lipid nanoparticles by scholars include high biocompatibility and poor toxicity, high production feasibility, and low cost.…”

Preparation of Readily-to-Use Stilbenoids Extract from Morus alba Callus Using a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

“…To increase the stability of stilbenoids, stabilizers such as antioxidants and photoprotective agents might be added to the extract or finished products [28]. Additionally, to modify the stilbenoid extract, stabilization techniques such as nanocarriers may be used [29]. These could be interesting and branching strategies for synergistically increasing the stability and bioactive efficiency of stilbenoids to establish novel products.…”

A Brief Updated Review of Advances to Enhance Resveratrol’s Bioavailability

“…Nanotechnology has been recognized for its promising and superior delivery of natural products for chemoprevention and chemotherapy compared to traditional formulations [ 2 ]. The focus on nanotechnology and its various applications in RES delivery systems for potential therapeutic use has expanded since 2017 [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Lagoa et al [ 32 ] summarized advances in phytochemical delivery systems in an effort to improve anticancer activity.…”