The use of microsatellites to analyze relationships and to decipher homonyms and synonyms in Azorean apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

Foroni, I.; Baptista, Cláudio; Monteiro, Lisandra; Lopes, M. S.; Mendonça, Duarte; Melo, Mônica Ferreira de; Carvalho, Conceição de Maria Belfort de; Monjardino, P.; Lopes, David João Horta; Machado, Artur da Câmara

doi:10.1007/s00606-012-0637-1

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…When compared to other wide scale apple genetic diversity studies, the average number of alleles per locus (11.5) was similar to that reported by Pereira-Lorenzo et al (2008) and Gharghani et al (2009), in local and commercial genotypes, but slightly lower than those reporter by van Treuren et al (2010). Furthermore, regarding to the heterozygosity in local genotypes (0.75), this level of diversity is in agreement with the level of polymorphism, 0.73, reported for a similar number of accessions from the regions Basque Country, Asturias, and Galicia in Northern and Northwestern Spain (Pereira-Lorenzo et al 2008), but slightly lower than that obtained in sets of local cultivars from Northeastern Spain, 0.82 (Urrestarazu et al 2012) and 0.80 (Pina et al 2014), in Italy, 0.80 (Liang et al 2015), and Portuguese Azores Islands, 0.81, (Foroni et al 2012).…”

Section: Ssr Markers and Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 90%

Genetic pool structure of local apple cultivars from Portugal assessed by microsatellites

Ferreira

Ramos‐Cabrer

Carnide

et al. 2016

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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A set of 87 apple accessions, located in three Portuguese apple germplasm collections, plus eight reference cultivars, were analyzed using 16 SSRs with the aim of assessing their genetic diversity and structure and evaluating relationships among them. Among the accessions studied, 64 unique genotypes were identified, 51 diploids and 13 putative triploids, revealing 19 groups of synonyms and 4 of homonyms. The genetic analyses performed by Bayesian modelbased clustering (Structure) revealed a clear differentiation of two major groups (RPP1 and RPP2), one of them (RPP1) corresponding to old local Portuguese accessions, some of them putatively derived from ancient hybridization with Reineta, and the second one (RPP2) including all reference accessions and local Portuguese accessions considered to be of more recent origin. These results were confirmed by factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) and molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) and are in accordance with the Jaccard coefficients. Results indicate that the Portuguese apple germplasm includes an important and distinct gene pool of cultivars with respect to reference international cultivars, being a relevant source of genetic diversity for present and future breeding programs, originated at least 200 years ago, when some of these cultivars were firstly named. Moreover, this study will be useful to improve the apple germplasm management and in the definition of a preservation strategy concerning the Portuguese apple landraces.

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Section: Ssr Markers and Genetic Diversitysupporting

confidence: 90%

Genetic pool structure of local apple cultivars from Portugal assessed by microsatellites

Ferreira

Ramos‐Cabrer

Carnide

et al. 2016

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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“…Moreover, the diversity level of heterozygosity in our collection (0.627) is slightly lower compared with heterozygosity (0.73) described for apples from the regions of Asturias, the Basque Country, and Galicia in northern and northwestern Spain (Pereira-Lorenzo et al, 2003) and 0.75 in Portuguese apple germplasm collections (Ferreira et al, 2016). In contrast, the diversity observed here was lower than that observed in local cultivars of northeastern Spain (0.82) (Urrestarazu et al, 2012) and 0.80 (Pina et al, 2014), Italy (0.80) (Liang et al, 2015) and Portuguese Azores Islands, (0.81) (Foroni et al, 2012). This result indicates a moderate genetic diversity (Hamrick and Godt, 1996) between the apple germplasm established in a Greek Pomology Institute collection.…”

Section: Molecular Characterization Using Microsatellite Markerscontrasting

confidence: 49%

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) genetic resources in Greece

Ganopoulos¹,

Tourvas

Xanthopoulou

et al. 2018

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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ABSTRACT:The phenotypic and genetic analysis of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) genotypes is essential for breeding species. Information on the morphology and genetic structure of apple offers significant help for germplasm maintenance and selection of suitable material to breed superior cultivars. This study shows the results of an investigation on the morphology and the genetic diversity for 19 apple cultivars, which are preserved in an ex situ collection in Naoussa, Central Macedonia, Greece. Information was recorded over a 5-year period for 47 traits describing plant morphology and phenotype, as well as leaf and fruit quality. Data were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA) method. The Euclidean distance metric and the Ward's agglomeration method were used in an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of all cultivars. The cultivars were grouped into four main clusters, suggesting that the characterized apple collection has a high potential for specific breeding goals. Furthermore, the cultivars were genotyped using seven microsatellite primers. Moderate levels of polymorphism were detected, and 38 distinctive alleles (5.4 alleles per primer pair) were identified. Both multivariate clustering approach (phenotypic data) and the genetic distance clustering approach (genetic data) grouped the apple cultivars according to their type. Hence, these data could be used for protection or patenting processes of existing or new apple cultivars carried out by the EU-Community Plant Variety Office.

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“…Considering domesticated apples Malus x domestica, allelic diversity in genetic resources from mainland Portugal were reported as 11.5 alleles per locus (Ferreira et al 2016), similar to that reported in northwestern Spain (Galicia and Asturias) by Pereira-Lorenzo et al (2007) (11.4), to local germplasm from Aragon, northeastern Spain (12.4) (Pina et al 2014) in Iranian landraces (10.7) (Gharghani et al 2009), and for Sarajevo and eastern Bosnia accessions (13.5) (Gasi et al 2013), but lightly lower than those reported for the Portuguese Azores Islands apple germplasm (15.2 alleles/locus) (Foroni et al 2012), northeastern Spain (Aragon, Navarre, Basque Country, La Rioja and Catalonia regions) local material by Urrestarazu et al 2012) (16.7, for the local accessions of Italian apple germplasm maintained at Bologna (16.9) (Liang et al 2015), by Van Treuren et al (2010 in the Netherlands (18.5) and that found for whole Spain (18.6) (Pereira-Lorenzo et al 2017), for whole Europe (23.2) (Urrestarazu et al 2016) and in the American germplasm bank for Malus x domestica with 19.1 alleles per locus (Gross et al 2014).…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Within Genus Malus and Malus X Domesticamentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Heterozygosity in local cultivars was 0.75 in mainland Portugal (Ferreira et al 2016), about the same level of the American germplasm bank for Malus x domestica, 0.73 (Gross et al 2014), and slightly higher than the level of diversity found in Aragon-Spain, 0.68 (Pina et al 2014) but slightly lower than in north-eastern and north-western Spain, 0.80 and 0.83 respectively (Pereira-Lorenzo et al 2007;Urrestarazu et al 2012) and in Italy, 0.81 (Liang et al 2015), Portuguese Azores Islands, 0.82, (Foroni et al 2012), in in French germplasm (0.83) (Lassois et al 2016) and broad European apple germplasm (0.81) (Urrestarazu et al 2016).…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Within Genus Malus and Malus X Domesticamentioning

confidence: 83%

Apple (Malus spp.) Breeding: Present and Future

Pereira‐Lorenzo

Fischer

Ramos‐Cabrer

et al. 2018

Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Fruits

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Apple breeding has been extremely successful in providing a highly diverse fruit crop. Recent (>50 millions years ago) genome-wide duplication (GWD) resulted in the 17 chromosomes in the Pyreae (Velasco et al. 2010) and confirmed the origin of cultivated apple on Malus sieversii being the same species as M. × domestica. Malus, as many other species in the family Rosaceae, shows gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI), which forces outcrossing. GSI at the pistil is regulated by extacellular ribonuclease, S-RNase, which is encoded by S locus. Growers and agronomists have provided multiple cultivars with different colors, shapes, resistances, climatic adaptation or industrial aptitudes. The aim in apple breeding was the combination of different kinds of resistance and good fruit quality to produce dessert cultivars and cultivars for processing. Some of the best of these cultivars display resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis), mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae), red spider mite (Panonychus ulmi), winterfrost and good fruit quality. Different scab resistance sources of wild species (Vf, Vr, VA) were combined in the new series of cultivars. Multiple efforts worldwide have conserved most of that variation, the pillar for the traditional and new techniques profiting from the analysis of the apple genome, the genome-wide association studies (GWAS), identifying SNPs and genes, the analysis of genes differentially expressed (GDE) identified by qRT-PCR and microarray analysis, and the recent molecular genetic tool CRISPR/Cas9 to edit and correct the genome.

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The use of microsatellites to analyze relationships and to decipher homonyms and synonyms in Azorean apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Genetic pool structure of local apple cultivars from Portugal assessed by microsatellites

Genetic pool structure of local apple cultivars from Portugal assessed by microsatellites

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) genetic resources in Greece

Apple (Malus spp.) Breeding: Present and Future

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