The use of multiple informants to assess children's maltreatment experiences

Kaufman, Joan; Jones, Barry C.; Stieglitz, Elissa; Vitulano, Lawrence A.; Mannarino, Anthony P.

doi:10.1007/bf01531949

Cited by 111 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These cognitive biases may render an individual susceptible to the self-defeating ideations of depression [56] as well as having an increased negative attitudes and beliefs about themselves [24]. Moreover, being bullied may lead to a conditioned fear response [57] which may contribute to a heightened expectation of threat and danger [58]. These changes in the stress response system may increase the levels of impulsivity and aggression [59] as well as symptoms of depression [56] which may lead victim to try and fight back and/or get further victimized or to show emotional reactions such as crying or running away that make them more likely targets even in changed social settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bully/victims: a longitudinal, population-based cohort study of their mental health

Lereya

Copeland

Zammit

et al. 2015

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

136

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It has been suggested that those who both bully and are victims of bullying (bully/victims) are at the highest risk for adverse mental health outcomes. However, unknown is whether most bully/victims were bullies or victims first and whether being a bully/victim is more detrimental to mental health than being a victim. 4101 children were prospectively studied from birth and structured interviews and questionnaires were used to assess bullying involvement at 10 years (elementary school) and 13 years of age (secondary school). Mental health (anxiety, depression, psychotic experiences) was assessed at 18 years. Most bully/victims at age 13 (n = 233) had already been victims at primary school (pure victims: n = 97, 41.6% or bully/victims: n = 47; 20.2%). Very few of the bully/victims at 13 years had been pure bullies previously (n = 7, 3%). After adjusting for a wide range of confounders, both bully/victims and pure victims, whether stable or not from primary to secondary school, were at increased risk of mental health problems at 18 years of age. In conclusion, children who are bully/victims at secondary school were most likely to have been already bully/victims or victims at primary school. Children who are involved in bullying behaviour as either bully/victims or victims at either primary or secondary school are at increased risk for mental health problems in late adolescence regardless of the stability of victimisation.Clinicians should consider any victimisation as a risk factor for mental health problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bully/victims: a longitudinal, population-based cohort study of their mental health

Lereya

Copeland

Zammit

et al. 2015

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

136

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“…Data from the various sources were reviewed and synthesized to summarize the severity of children's maltreatment experiences using the operationalized criteria and coding system delineated in ref. 30. Severity of five maltreatment subtypes (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, emotional abuse, and exposure to domestic violence) were rated, with the scales showing good inter-rater reliability (mean intraclass correlation across categories of maltreatment ϭ 0.91; range ϭ 0.84-0.97).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social supports and serotonin transporter gene moderate depression in maltreated children

Kaufman

Yang

Douglas‐Palumberi

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

711

507

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In this study, measures of the quality and availability of social supports were found to moderate risk for depression associated with a history of maltreatment and the presence of the short (s) allele of the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). The present investigation (i) replicates research in adults showing that 5-HTTLPR variation moderates the development of depression after stress, (ii) extends the finding to children, and (iii) demonstrates the ability of social supports to further moderate risk for depression. Maltreated children with the s͞s genotype and no positive supports had the highest depression ratings, scores that were twice as high as the non-maltreated comparison children with the same genotype. However, the presence of positive supports reduced risk associated with maltreatment and the s͞s genotype, such that maltreated children with this profile had only minimal increases in their depression scores. These findings are consistent with emerging preclinical and clinical data suggesting that the negative sequelae associated with early stress are not inevitable. Risk for negative outcomes may be modified by both genetic and environmental factors, with the quality and availability of social supports among the most important environmental factors in promoting resiliency in maltreated children, even in the presence of a genotype expected to confer vulnerability for psychiatric disorder.child maltreatment ͉ gene-by-environment interaction C hild abuse is a pervasive societal problem, with nearly 1 million substantiated reports of child maltreatment each year (1), many reported cases of actual abuse that are not verified (2), and countless other cases that never come to the attention of authorities (3). Although not all abused children develop difficulties, many experience a chronic course of psychopathology, with depression as one of the most common psychiatric sequelae reported in maltreated children (4, 5).Preclinical studies suggest that stress early in life can promote long-term changes in multiple neurochemical systems (6, 7). Specifically, exposure to prenatal and͞or postnatal stress is associated with increased basal and stress-induced responsiveness of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, increased central corticotropin-releasing hormone and norepinephrine drive, decreased ␥-aminobutyric acid͞benzodiazepine functioning, multiple alterations in the serotonergic system, and reduction in hippocampal volume, a brain structure vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of stress-induced elevations in circulating glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) and amino acids (e.g., glutamate).Because many of the biological alterations associated with early stress in preclinical studies have been reported in adults with depression, it has been hypothesized that the neurobiological changes associated with adverse early experiences may confer a vulnerability for the development of depression (6,8). Consistent with preclinical studies, adults with depression have been reported to have multiple ...

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“…Because child neglect is defined as a criminal act, studies of CPSreferred children involve the most severe cases of neglect. Psychobiological studies of only cases of child neglect may not be practical or representative of the real world of neglected children, as various forms of neglect and abuse commonly coexist in CPS-referred samples (Kaufman, Jones, Stieglitz, Vitulano, & Mannarino, 1994;Levy, Markovic, Chaudry, Ahart, & Torres, 1995). One method of dealing with these issues is to use multiple sources of data and instruments with the best psychometric properties to obtain maltreatment information and a detailed multidimensional classification scheme for conceptualizing neglect and abuse (Zuravin, 1999).…”

Section: Childneglectisthemostprevalentbutleastempir-mentioning

confidence: 99%