malignant stages, making curative therapy impossible and leading to poor prognosis and incidence equalling mortality [8]. In the year 2000, there were 217,000 new cases of pancreatic cancer with 213,000 deaths worldwide, while in Europe there were 60,139 new patients with 64,801 deaths [9]. In the UK, 7,152 new cases were seen with 7,250 deaths as a result of PDAC [10]. PDAC affects more western/industrialized citizens than other parts of the world. The highest prevalence has been shown among Maoris in native Hawaiians, New Zealand, and Black American societies, while people living in India and Nigeria have the lowest reported morbidity [11,12]. Gemcitabine is the only chemotherapy available clinically for pancreatic cancer treatment. Unfortunately, it proves effective in as few as 23.8% of patients with the only alternative being surgical removal of the localized tumor (Figure 1) [13-15]. Thus, there is huge requirement to increase the efficacy of this treatment as well as exploring alternative therapies. Nanoparticles in Biomedicine Nanoscience and nanotechnology has become a versatile and promising platform for creating novel materials with enhanced properties and potential applications in cancer therapy. Nanotechnology, a wide research field which includes chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine, has excellent potential for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and treatment of cancer [16]. Using materials at nanoscale leads to a "big revolution" in healthcare and medical therapies. Nanoparticles (NPs) are