The Use of Nonaqueous Fractionation to Assess the Ionic Composition of the Apoplast during Fruit Ripening

MacDougall, Alistair J.; Parker, Roger; Selvendran, Robert R.

doi:10.1104/pp.108.4.1679

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Exogenously applied calcium stabilizes the plant cell wall [Aghdam et al 2012] and protects it from cell wall degrading enzymes [White and Broadley 2003] such as polygalacturonase (PG), a prominent cell wall degrading enzyme synthesized during ripening [Hadfield and Bennett 1998]. It is already well-documented by MacDougall et al [1995] that the PG activity is blocked by high calcium concentrations in plant cell. Such protective effects of preharvest calcium treatments have also been reported for several commodities, including peaches [Manganaris et al 2005], nectarines [Crisosto et al 2000] and apples [Chardonnet et al 2003].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXTENDING POSTHARVEST QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF GRAPES (V. vinifera L. cv. ‘THOMPSON SEEDLESS’) BY PREHARVEST CALCIUM PULVERIZATIONS

Sabır¹,

Sabır²

2017

Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus

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Demand for fresh grape is increasing globally in accordance with the improvement in living standard since the grape berry contains large amounts of phytochemicals including anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids and resveratrol, which have been suggested to be responsible for human health benefits. However, table grapes easily undergo deterioration due to their soft texture and the high water content, which make it difficult to preserve without treatment. This study was thus conducted to evaluate the effect of preharvest calcium sprays on maintenance of postharvest quality of grapes (V. vinifera L. cv. 'Thompson Seedless'). Three preharvest calcium sprays were applied to leaves and developing green berries with or without leaf removal pruning (a traditional practice performed in commercial vineyards worldwide) during berry development stages. After harvest, grapes were cold stored (1°C, 90% R.H.) up to 3 months. Preharvest micronized calcium sprays, with or without leaf removal pruning, markedly extended the postharvest quality of grapes by delaying weight loss, reducing decay, maintaining rachis chlorophyll concentrations and preserving visual quality during the prolonged cold storage. Besides, in calcite-treated grapes, lower titratable acidity decrease courses with a subsequent lower maturity index during prolonged storage indicate that calcite sprays restricted postharvest physiological senescence of grapes. Overall findings indicated that preharvest calcite sprays may be an environmental-friendly, healthy and sustainable viticulture practice for extending postharvest quality of grapes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXTENDING POSTHARVEST QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF GRAPES (V. vinifera L. cv. ‘THOMPSON SEEDLESS’) BY PREHARVEST CALCIUM PULVERIZATIONS

Sabır¹,

Sabır²

2017

Acta Sci. Pol. Hortorum Cultus

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“…3 However, those cations that promote dimer formation in vitro (see Table II) are unlikely to be present at concentrations sufficiently high to promote dimer formation in muro (22,23). In contrast, calcium is present in plant cell walls at mM concentrations (24), although most (Ͼ95%) of this calcium is bound, and the "free" calcium content of the wall is typically Ͻ5 mM. Furthermore, calcium ions have been reported to stabilize the borate ester cross-link in muro.…”

Section: Drg-ii-b Formation In Vitro and In Muro Maymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Rhamnogalacturonan II Self-assembles into a Covalently Cross-linked Dimer

Ishii¹,

Matsunaga²,

Pellerin³

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

186

134

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The location of the 1:2 borate-diol ester cross-link in the dimer of the plant cell wall polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) has been determined. The ester cross-links the apiofuranosyl residue of the 2-Omethyl-D-xylose-containing side chains in each of the subunits of the dimer. The apiofuranosyl residue in each of the two aceric acid-containing side chains is not esterified. The site of borate esterification is identical in naturally occurring and in in vitro synthesized dimer. Pb 2؉ , La 3؉ , and Ca 2؉ increase dimer formation in vitro in a concentration-and pH-dependent manner. Pb 2؉ is the most effective cation. The dimer accounts for 55% of the RG-II when the monomer (0.5 mM) is treated for 5 min at pH 3.5 with boric acid (1 mM) and Pb 2؉ (0.5 mM); at pH 5 the rate of conversion is somewhat slower. Hg 2؉ does not increase the rate of dimer formation. A cation's charge density and its ability to form a coordination complex with RG-II, in addition to steric factors, may regulate the rate and stability of dimer formation in vitro. Our data provide evidence that the structure of RG-II itself determines which apiofuranosyl residues are esterified with borate and that in the presence of boric acid and certain cations, two RG-II monomers selfassemble to form a dimer.Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) 1 is a low molecular weight, structurally complex pectic polysaccharide released from the primary walls of plants by treatment with endo-␣-1,4-polygalacturonase (1). The results of recent studies have established that RG-II exists predominantly in the cell walls of all higher plants as a dimer (dRG-II-B) that is cross-linked by a 1:2 borate-diol ester (2-5). Borate ester cross-linking of pectin may be required for the normal growth and development of plants (4 -6) because boron deficiency results in the inhibition of plant growth and in the formation of cell walls with markedly altered physical properties (7-11).A single 1:2 borate-diol ester is believed to cross-link two RG-II molecules. 1 mol of the dimer contains 1 mol of boron (3,4,(12)(13)(14). We have proposed that two of the four 3Ј-linked apiofuranosyl (Apif) residues present in dRG-II-B are crosslinked by borate because the dimer contains approximately equimolar amounts of 3Ј-and 2,3,3Ј-linked Apif residues, whereas monomeric RG-II (mRG-II) contains only 3Ј-linked Apif residues (4, 12). However, two different Apif-containing side chains are attached to the backbone of each RG-II monomer (chains A and B in Fig. 1). It is not known whether the borate cross-link involves the Apif residue in one of each of the two types of Apif-containing side chains or if the borate is attached to the same type of Apif-containing side chains in each monomer.The ability to form dRG-II-B from mRG-II and boric acid in vitro provides a convenient model system to examine the mechanism of dimer formation (4). In addition, such studies are likely to provide information on the ability of dRG-II-B, which is present in fermented beverages such as wine, to form complexes with heavy me...

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“…In addition to the metabolites that have previously been reported for Arabidopsis and potato, the organic acids saccharate, 3-hydroxypropanate, 5-aminopentanoate, 2-aminoadipate, and pyruvate, and the secondary metabolites tocopherol and allantoin were identified (Fiehn et al, 2000a(Fiehn et al, , 2000bRoessner et al, 2000; http:// www.mpimp-golm.mpg.de), we found several that were common to all species but also many that are unique to the tomato leaf. The analysis of tomato fruits represented a more difficult task because they contain high amounts of hexose sugars and citrate (Knee and Finger, 1992;Eshed and Zamir, 1994;MacDougall et al, 1995;Chen et al, 2001). This can be easily visualized in the representative chromatograms presented in Figure 2, with the pattern of peak elution between 25 and 28 min being dramatically different in leaf (Fig.…”

Section: Development Of a Methods For Metabolite Analysis In Tissues Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Profiling of Transgenic Tomato Plants Overexpressing Hexokinase Reveals That the Influence of Hexose Phosphorylation Diminishes during Fruit Development

et al. 2003

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We have conducted a comprehensive metabolic profiling on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaf and developing fruit tissue using a recently established gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling protocol alongside conventional spectrophotometric and liquid chromatographic methodologies. Applying a combination of these techniques, we were able to identify in excess of 70 small-M r metabolites and to catalogue the metabolite composition of developing tomato fruit. In addition to comparing differences in metabolite content between source and sink tissues of the tomato plant and after the change in metabolite pool sizes through fruit development, we have assessed the influence of hexose phosphorylation through fruit development by analyzing transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing Arabidopsis hexokinase AtHXK1. Analysis of the total hexokinase activity in developing fruits revealed that both wild-type and transgenic fruits exhibit decreasing hexokinase activity with development but that the relative activity of the transgenic lines with respect to wild type increases with development. Conversely, both point-by-point and principal component analyses suggest that the metabolic phenotype of these lines becomes less distinct from wild type during development. In summary, the data presented in this paper demonstrate that the influence of hexose phosphorylation diminishes during fruit development and highlights the importance of greater temporal resolution of metabolism.Hexokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexoses to form hexose monophosphates. This reaction is especially important in plants because the use of free phosphates is particularly complex in higher plants ( Kruger, 1997). There have been many reports on the presence of glucokinase and hexokinase enzymes in a wide variety of plant species including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum; Martinez-Barajaz and Randall, 1998), maize (Zea mays; Doehlert, 1989;Schnarrenberger, 1990; Galina et al., 1995), potato (Solanum tuberosum; Renz and Stitt, 1993;Veramendi et al., 1999), pea (Pisum sativum; Turner et al., 1977;Turner and Copeland, 1981) Recently, transgenic manipulations of the activity of hexokinase have been carried out in tomato, potato, and Arabidopsis (Jang et al., 1997; Dai et al., 1999;Veramendi et al., 1999Veramendi et al., , 2002. The results of these manipulations varied greatly between species. Transgenic Arabidopsis seeds that exhibited decreased or increased activities of hexokinase 1 displayed hyposensitive or hypersensitive responses to growth on high (6% [w/v]) Glc containing agar (Jang et al., 1997). The authors concluded that the hexokinase protein acts as a sensor for Glc in an analogous manner to those operating in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and that the modulation in the abundance of this sensor led to changes in gene expression that were responsible for the phenotype observed. The overexpression of this Arabidopsis hexokinase isoform in tomato plants led to growth inhibition, reduced photosynthesis, and a...

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The Use of Nonaqueous Fractionation to Assess the Ionic Composition of the Apoplast during Fruit Ripening

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

EXTENDING POSTHARVEST QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF GRAPES (V. vinifera L. cv. ‘THOMPSON SEEDLESS’) BY PREHARVEST CALCIUM PULVERIZATIONS

EXTENDING POSTHARVEST QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF GRAPES (V. vinifera L. cv. ‘THOMPSON SEEDLESS’) BY PREHARVEST CALCIUM PULVERIZATIONS

The Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharide Rhamnogalacturonan II Self-assembles into a Covalently Cross-linked Dimer

Metabolic Profiling of Transgenic Tomato Plants Overexpressing Hexokinase Reveals That the Influence of Hexose Phosphorylation Diminishes during Fruit Development

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