The use of oil adjuvants in therapeutic vaccines

Dendrimer-RNA nanoparticles generate protective immunity against lethal Ebola, H1N1 influenza, and Toxoplasma gondii challenges with a single dose

“…nanoparticle | vaccine platform | replicon | viruses | parasites T oday, there are a range of vaccine technologies used clinically, with varied use of inactivated pathogens, molecular antigens, adjuvants, delivery technologies, administration routes, and dosing regimes (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Although existing vaccine systems have had a huge impact on prevention of infectious disease, challenges remain.…”

Phase I Safety and Immunogenicity Trial of Plasmodium vivax CS Derived Long Synthetic Peptides Adjuvanted with Montanide ISA 720 or Montanide ISA 51

“…47 Montanide ISA 51 is a mineral oil-based adjuvant, which has been used in more than 25 clinical trials, representing more than 4,000 patients, and 40,000 injections, showing that it is well tolerated. 29 Local reactions such as pain, tenderness, and erythema have been the most commonly reported AEs with this adjuvant, whereas the most frequently reported AEs have been nausea, vomiting, and flu-like symptoms, although other studies have reported injection pain nodules and sterile abscesses. Their intensity usually have been classified as mild to moderate, and SAEs reported such as erythema nodosum-like syndrome and transient leukemoid cases, seems to be more related to the antigen used than attributable directly to the adjuvant.…”

“…These adjuvants were selected because they form stable water-in-oil emulsions and induced high antibody levels that lasted for up to 1 year in mice, rabbits, and monkeys in previous studies using recombinant malaria proteins. 23,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] More recently, a recombinant P. vivax CS protein produced in Escherichia coli and formulated in Montanide ISA 720 showed to be highly immunogenic in mice. 33 Several phase I clinical trials have been conducted using different malaria vaccine antigens in which these two adjuvants have been able to stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses.…”

Selection of Adjuvants for Enhanced Vaccine Potency

“…Both types have been tried as vaccine adjuvants. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is a historically-tested water-in-oil emulsion containing killed bacteria [123]. It has been proven to be a very effective adjuvant and generate balanced immune response [94].…”