The use of polarized light microscopy in examining the structure of carbon fibres*

Knibbs, R.H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1971.tb02377.x

Cited by 46 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Table I), hence, electron and ion imaging as well as FIB milling are successful. The images confirm the previous results on the subject (Knibbs, 1971;Johnson, 1987;Kumar et al ., 1993;Paris et al ., 2001), i.e. the particulate morphology of the PAN-based carbon fibers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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FIB/SEM Characterization of Carbon‐based Fibers

et al. 2007

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The aim of this paper is to show how a focused ion beam combined with a scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM machine) can be adopted to characterize composite fibers with different electrical behavior and to gain information about their production and modification. This comparative morphology investigation is carried out on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) carbon fibers and their chemical precursor (the oxidized PAN or oxypan) which has different electrical properties. Fibers are imaged by electron and ion beams and sectioned by the focused ion beam (FIB). A sample of oxypan fibers processed by a radio frequency (RF) plasma is also investigated and the role of the conductive carbon layer around their unmodified, insulating bulk is discussed. A suitable developed edge detection technique (EDT) on electron, ion images, and after the FIB sectioning, provides quantitative information about the thickness of the created layer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In an early work by Knibbs (1971), PAN carbon fibers were investigated by means of a polarized light microscope. He identified three different structures of PAN-based carbon fibers (cf.…”

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FIB/SEM Characterization of Carbon‐based Fibers

et al. 2007

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“…The microstructure is similar to that of the partially stabilized Courtelle carbon fibers. 36 The fracture surfaces of carbonized fiber A have a wraparound basal plane structure in the outer zone and a radial structure in the core. The fracture surface of carbonized fiber B is shown in Figure 12 ( b ) ; the radial structure is visible only by cross section.…”

Section: The Mechanical Properties and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of pyrolysis on physical properties and microstructure of modified PAN fibers during carbonization

1991

J of Applied Polymer Sci

102

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SYNOPSISModification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers with potassium permanganate has reduced the time required for stabilization and also improved the mechanical properties of the resulting carbon fibers. In this study, the effect of modification on the physical properties, microstructure, and elemental composition of fibers during the carbonization process was examined for the first time. The resulting carbon fibers developed from modified PAN fibers had a higher density, a greater stacking size ( L c ) , and a higher preferred orientation than those developed from unmodified PAN fibers. The carbon fibers developed from the modified PAN fibers also showed an improvement in tensile strength from 20 to 40%. These fibers showed a radial structure in the fracture surface and were somewhat different structurally in the cross section than were the carbon fibers developed from the original PAN fibers. A model for the structure of both carbon fibers is presented. The relationship between the formation of closed pores from open pores and the variety of cumulative pore area during the heat-treatment stage is also discussed.

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“…Hence, the orientation of the layer planes in graphite can be determined by their color, i. e. depending whether they are aligned parallel or perpendicular to the plane of polarization, they show up distinctly as either red or blue. This technique has been used for the qualitative determination of the texture of carbon fibers [19] and of carbonaceous mesophase in bituminous coals [20]. Quantitative use has been made for e. g. grains in a Beryllium polycrystal [21] and Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) spherulites [22], making use of correlations between the color shift and the orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative, space-resolved method for optical anisotropy estimation in bulk carbons

Gillard

Couégnat

Caty

et al. 2015

Carbon

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A B S T R A C TThis paper presents an innovative and quantitative method for characterization of bulk carbons using polarized light microscopy. It yields maps of transverse preferential orientation and quantitative transverse anisotropy. It can be utilized on any region observable with an optical microscope, at any attainable scale. It requires a set of micrographs from the same region of a carbon-based sample at different combinations of polarizer and analyzer positions. Applications of the technique to several actual carbon-based materials are presented and discussed.

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The use of polarized light microscopy in examining the structure of carbon fibres*

Cited by 46 publications

References 2 publications

FIB/SEM Characterization of Carbon‐based Fibers

FIB/SEM Characterization of Carbon‐based Fibers

The influence of pyrolysis on physical properties and microstructure of modified PAN fibers during carbonization

A quantitative, space-resolved method for optical anisotropy estimation in bulk carbons

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