The Use of Reversal Design in Organizational Behavior Research.

Luthans, Fred; Bond, Kenneth M.

doi:10.5465/ambpp.1977.4976896

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…There are a number of possible reasons why the reversal did not occur. Although reversals have a major advantage in that they help to overcome the problem of intersubject variability and can provide powerful evidence for cause-and-effect conclusions (Kazdin, 1973;Komaki, 1977), they assume that behavior changes made under the conditions of the intervention are capable of being reversed when the intervention is withdrawn (i.e., when there is a return to baseline & Bond, 1977). In the present study, learning is not so much the explanation for why the reversal did not occur as is the latter possibility of other contingencies in the environment taking over to maintain the behavior at intervention levels of frequency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As Miller (1973) explanation. In a series of seven case studies that used a reversal to evaluate the impact of a contingent reinforcement intervention on various individual employee's behavior in different work settings, it was found that in all cases the behavior was significantly changed by introducing the intervention, but in only four of the seven cases did a reversal occur (Luthans & Bond, 1977). In these case studies, and especially when compared with more highly controlled laboratory and institutional (mental hospitals and schools) studies in which reversals have traditionally been used, there does seem to be a definite relationship between the degree of environmental complexity in the study and the reversibility of the targeted behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An experimental analysis of the impact of contingent reinforcement on salespersons' performance behavior.

Luthans¹,

Paul²,

Baker³

1981

Journal of Applied Psychology

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In order to analyze the impact of behavioral technology on service employee performance, a field experiment was conducted in a major department store. Drawn from 16 randomly selected departments, the 82 retail clerk subjects had the same training, performance standards, and at least 6 months experience. Their performance behavior (defined as selling, stockwork, miscellaneous, idle time, and absence from the work station) was measured via direct observation on a random time sampling basis. Both experimental and control groups were informed of the specific standards against which they would be measured, but only the experimental group was told of and received the contingent reinforcement, which consisted of paid time off, equivalent cash, and a chance for a paid vacation. Results show that the experimental group had a significant improvement in performance behavior, and the control group's behavior remained the same. The implications of behavioral technology for improved employee performance and the use of observational measures in field research in organizational behavior are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental analysis of the impact of contingent reinforcement on salespersons' performance behavior.

Luthans¹,

Paul²,

Baker³

1981

Journal of Applied Psychology

Self Cite

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“…The controlling influence of the intervention on three dependent variables offers convincing evidence that the independent variable did indeed cause the change in the dependent variables. A few other organizational behavior studies also have demonstrated the applicability of reversals (Gupton & Le Bow, 1971;Kreitner & Golab, 1978;Luthans & Bond, 1977;Luthans & Davis, 1979;Luthans & Maris, 1979;Marholin & Gray, 1976) and multiple baseline designs (Kreitner, Reif, & Morris, 1977;Lamal & Benfield, 1978;Luthans & Davis, 1979;Van Ness & Luthans, 1979). In other words, although considerably more studies need to be done in the future, already there is some evidence that idiographic research of interactive organizational behavior in real settings can be done effectively by single case experimenal designs.…”

Section: An Examplementioning

confidence: 98%

An Idiographic Approach to Organizational Behavior Research: The Use of Single Case Experimental Designs and Direct Measures

Luthans¹,

Davis²

1982

The Academy of Management Review

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The underlying assumptions of the dominant nomothetic (group-centered, standardized, and controlled environmental contexts, and quantitative methodologies) and idiographic (individual-centered, naturalistic environmental contexts, and qualitative methodologies) research perspectives are examined. An interactive theoretic (i.e., realpeople interacting in real organizations) for organizational behavior is suggested-a theoretic assumption that lends itself to an idiographic approach. Intensive singlecase experimental designs and direct observational measures are proposed as a potentially powerful methodology for idiographic research of organizational behavior.

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Argyris'in Olgunlaşma Teorisine Liderlikte Durumsallık Yaklaşımlarından Çözüm Arayışları

Öztürk¹

2016

İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi

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Chris Argyris klasik yönetim kuramındaki işbölümü, yetki ve sorumluluk, komuta birliği ilkesi, denetim alanı sorunu hususlarını eleştirmiştir. Ona göre bu hususlar çalışanları olumsuz etkilemekte, onların kendilerini bulamamalarına, kendilerini geliştirememelerine kısaca olgunlaşmamasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu durumda yönetimin başarısı için söz konusu nedenlerin etraflıca araştırılıp bu olumsuz durumun düzeltilmesine dair yapılabilecekler ortaya konmalıdır. Öncelikle Chris Argyris ve Olgunlaşma Teorisi geniş olarak ortaya konacaktır. Olgunlaşma teorisine çözüm arayışı kapsamında Liderlikte Özellikler Yaklaşımı hakkında kısa bilgi verilip bu yaklaşım Argyris'in Olgunlaşma teorisi yönünden değerlendirilmektedir. Son olarak ta Liderlikte Durumsallık Yaklaşımlarından Fiedler'in Durumsallık (Koşulsal Liderlik) Kuramı, Yol-Amaç Kuramı, Vroom ve Yetto'nun Karar Ağacı Yaklaşımı, Hersey ve Blanchard'ın Yaşam Döngüsü Kuramı ve Reddin'in Üç Boyutlu Liderlik Kuramı hakkında özet bilgiler verildikten sonra bu yaklaşımların olgunlaşma teorisine dair analizleri yapılmaktadır. Liderlikte özellikler yaklaşımı ve tüm liderlikte durumsallık yaklaşımları tek tek ele alınıp olgunlaşma teorisine çözüm ve katkıları yönünden değerlendirilmektedir.

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The Use of Reversal Design in Organizational Behavior Research.

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

An experimental analysis of the impact of contingent reinforcement on salespersons' performance behavior.

An experimental analysis of the impact of contingent reinforcement on salespersons' performance behavior.

An Idiographic Approach to Organizational Behavior Research: The Use of Single Case Experimental Designs and Direct Measures

Argyris'in Olgunlaşma Teorisine Liderlikte Durumsallık Yaklaşımlarından Çözüm Arayışları

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