The Use of SenseWear Armband for Assessment of Daily Energy Expenditure and the Relation to Body Fat Distribution and Nutritional Intake in Lean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate nutritional intake, energy expenditure, and segmental body composition in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compare them with age- and body mass index- (BMI-) matched control women. Methods. 32 nonobese patients with PCOS and 31 age- and BMI-matched healthy women were included in the study. Energy expenditure and physical activity level were assessed by metabolic Holter equipment (SenseWear Armband, SWA) which was never previously used in lean PCOS population. Food intake is recorded with 24 hours of food record. Segmental body composition analysis was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA). Results. Mean BMI was 22.64 ± 3.64 and 21.55 ± 2.77 kg/m2 (p=0.185) in PCOS and control groups, respectively. Mean age was 22.03 ± 4.21 and 21.71 ± 2.67 year (p=0.720), respectively. No significant differences were found in total energy intake and percentage of carbohydrates, fats, and other micronutrients (p>0.05). Energy percentage of proteins (%12.73 ± 1.98, p=0.008) was statistically lower in subjects versus the control group. The measurements of physical activity duration (PAD) (1.40 ± 0.87/2.18 ± 0.99 hours, p=0.002), active energy expenditure (372.35 ± 198.32/494.10 ± 186.50 kcal, p=0.018), and step counting (9370.03 ± 3587.49/11730.90 ± 3564.31 steps, p=0.013) measurement of the PCOS group were lower than the control group, respectively. Conclusions. New diagnosed women with PCOS had similar distribution and quantity of body fat parameters and nutritional status when compared to healthy women. Control subjects were found more active in energy expenditure.

Obesity, but not hyperandrogenism or insulin resistance, predicts skeletal muscle mass in reproductive‐aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 45 observational studies

“…Some studies have reported decreased total [38][39][40] and/or limb (arms and legs) 27,33,38,[41][42][43] lean tissue mass in women with PCOS versus controls. Other studies showed no differences in total [44][45][46] or limb [47][48][49][50] lean tissue mass, or muscle strength [51][52][53] between groups. To complicate matters, there is even evidence to support increased total 45,54,55 or limb 27,48 lean tissue mass, or muscle strength in women with PCOS versus controls.…”

“…Other studies showed no differences in total [44][45][46] or limb [47][48][49][50] lean tissue mass, or muscle strength [51][52][53] between groups. To complicate matters, there is even evidence to support increased total 45,54,55 or limb 27,48 lean tissue mass, or muscle strength in women with PCOS versus controls. 51,56 The conflicting reports may stem from small sample sizes of the individual trials, which have limited their statistical power to capture differences in muscle outcomes.…”

“…Studies were published between 1990 and 2020 and were conducted in Poland, 47 Turkey, 7,48,51,52,54,80,81 Congo, 82 United States, 23,27,30,45,76,[83][84][85][86][87][88][89] Oman, 39 Brazil, 5,22,49,56,[90][91][92] Italy, 55,93 Cameroon, 94 Netherlands, 44 China, 50 Denmark, 95,96 Australia, 8,46,53,97 Austria, 38,41 United Kingdom, 98,99 Finland, 100 and Greece. 33 All studies were conducted in medical centers.…”

“…33 All studies were conducted in medical centers. Most (41/45, 91.1% 5,7,8,22,27,30,33,38,39,41,44,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]76,80,82,[84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100] ) had prospective and four 23,45,81,83 retrospective data collection.…”

“…Of all 45 studies, 24 had a cross-sectional/case-control design, 39,41,44,[47][48][49][50][52][53][54]56,82,83,[85][86][87][88][89]92,94,96,97,99,101 2 had a cohort design, 45,46 4 were cross-sectional analyses of baseline data from interventions, 8,84,90,91,95 and 15 were observational without specifying their designs. 5,7,22,23,30,33,38,51,55,76,80,81,93,98,100 Mean age and BMI of women ranged from 18.0 to 46.1 years and 21.0 to 39.0 kg/m 2 , respectively, across PCOS and control arms.…”