GLP-1 levels both at fasting and in response to a meal are blunted in lean women with PCOS compared to healthy women. Short term oral contraception do not alter GLP-1 secretion in PCOS. Disturbance in incretin secretion dynamics might contribute to the risk of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in PCOS.
Basal and stimulated hunger and satiety hormones in lean PCOS patients are not different from lean healthy women, except for a lower meal-stimulated ghrelin response. Short-term use of a low-dose oral contraceptive does not have an effect on appetite regulation of PCOS.
Objective. To evaluate nutritional intake, energy expenditure, and segmental body composition in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compare them with age- and body mass index- (BMI-) matched control women. Methods. 32 nonobese patients with PCOS and 31 age- and BMI-matched healthy women were included in the study. Energy expenditure and physical activity level were assessed by metabolic Holter equipment (SenseWear Armband, SWA) which was never previously used in lean PCOS population. Food intake is recorded with 24 hours of food record. Segmental body composition analysis was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA). Results. Mean BMI was 22.64 ± 3.64 and 21.55 ± 2.77 kg/m2 (p=0.185) in PCOS and control groups, respectively. Mean age was 22.03 ± 4.21 and 21.71 ± 2.67 year (p=0.720), respectively. No significant differences were found in total energy intake and percentage of carbohydrates, fats, and other micronutrients (p>0.05). Energy percentage of proteins (%12.73 ± 1.98, p=0.008) was statistically lower in subjects versus the control group. The measurements of physical activity duration (PAD) (1.40 ± 0.87/2.18 ± 0.99 hours, p=0.002), active energy expenditure (372.35 ± 198.32/494.10 ± 186.50 kcal, p=0.018), and step counting (9370.03 ± 3587.49/11730.90 ± 3564.31 steps, p=0.013) measurement of the PCOS group were lower than the control group, respectively. Conclusions. New diagnosed women with PCOS had similar distribution and quantity of body fat parameters and nutritional status when compared to healthy women. Control subjects were found more active in energy expenditure.
Amaç: Ortoreksiya nervoza (ON) sağlığın korunması, iyileştirilmesi, hastalığın tedavisi veya ağırlık kaybetme gibi amaçlarla katkısız, işlenmemiş besinleri tüketme eğilimin görüldüğü "sağlıklı beslenme takıntısı" olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ortorektikler, mükemmelliğe ulaşma çabalarından ötürü diyetlerini giderek kısıtlama eğilimi göstermekte, bu kişilerde malnutrisyon gelişebilmektedir. Bu araştırma Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü'nde eğitimi alan kız öğrencilerin ON eğilimini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmaya İstanbul ilinde bulunan, bir Vakıf üniversitesinde Beslenme ve Diyetetik bölümünde okuyan, 18-24 yaş arası 189 kız öğrenci katılmıştır. Katılımcılara demografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları ve besin tüketim sıklıklarını sorgulayan bir anket, yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile uygulanmış ve antropometrik ölçümleri alınmıştır. Ortoreksiya eğilimini belirlemek için de ORTO-11 ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Yanıtların toplam puanı 23 ve altında alanlar ON eğilimi olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %76,7'sinde ON eğilimi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ortoreksiya nervoza eğilimi olanların olmayanlara göre anlamlı şekilde daha fazla fiziksel aktivite yaptığı saptanmıştır (sırasıyla; %35,0 ve %27,0, p<0,001). Öğrencilerin beden kütle indeksleri değerlendirildiğinde ON eğilimi olan ve olmayanlar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). İstatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmasa da ON eğilimi olanların besin etiketlerini daha fazla okuduğu (sırasıyla; %89,0, %77,0, p=0,08) görülmüştür. Sonuç: Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü'nde okuyan kız öğrenciler arasında yüksek oranda ON eğilimi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum kız öğrencilerde yetersiz besin ögesi alımına yol açabilir.
COVID-19, globally affecting people's lives, is a respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which reaches the pandemic state. People who are vulnerable and not immunocompromised are known to suffer severe COVID-19 complications and are at a relatively high risk of death. Risk factors include age, male gender, cardiovascular comorbidities including hypertension, history of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. Emerging data also linked the risk of severe COVID-19 to certain factors such as hyper inflammation, low vitamin D levels, and hyperandrogenism. Androgens play a key role in the pathophysiology of this infection. Therefore requires risk assessment of women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age with a prevalence of 8-13%, suffering from hyperandrogenism and characterized by most metabolic diseases. In this article, possible pathophysiological mechanisms related to the risk of COVID-19 in women with PCOS will be discussed. More scientific research is needed to understand which women are most at risk of becoming infected or developing complications, what causal mechanisms are possible to intervene, and what the long-term consequences will be.
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