The Use of Separator Isoelectric Focusing in Micro-Ultrathin Polyacrylamide Gels in the Characterization of Some Polymorphic Proteins of Forensic Science Significance

Abstract

The identification of phenotypes of erythyrocyte acid phosphatase (EAP), esterase D (EsD), group specific component (Gc), and alpha-1-antitrypsin (PI) by separator isoelectric focusing in micro-ultrathin polyacrylamide gels (interelectrode distance: 45 mm) is described. The protein patterns obtained are compared favorably with the patterns seen by isoelectric focusing in conventional polyacrylamide gel dimensions (interelectrode distance: 110 to 120 mm). The technique described allows greater stability of pH gradients and is a fast and economic method.

Distribution of Gc Subtypes in Aragon (North-East Spain)

“…PAGIF was carried out in 0.4-mm polyacryl amide gels at a gel concentration of T = 5.5% and cross-linking C = 3%. A mixture of Ampholine and Pharmalyte at a gel concentration of 5% (pH 4-6, [3,4] with an interelectrode distance of 10 cm. After 30 min of prefocusing, serum samples were applied by filter papers (Whatman 3 mm, 0.5 x 0.5 cm) at a distance of 2 cm from the cathode.…”

Water analysis

“…Immobilized pH gradients using isoelectric focusing for PGM typing of bloodstains was found to have considerable potential (343). The identification of phenotypes of erythrocytic acid phosphates (EAP), esterase D (EsD), group specific component (GC), and a-1-antitrypsin by isoelectric focusing has been described (344). A miniature ultrathin gel isoelectric focusing system has been successfully used to obtain phenotyping results from bloodstains for EAP, haptoglobin (Hp), adenylate kinase (AK) and glyoxylase I (GLO I) (345).…”