The use of Stokes deformation number as a predictive tool for material exchange behaviour of granules in the ‘equilibrium phase’ in high shear granulation

Relationship between particle shape and some process variables in high shear wet granulation using binders of different viscosity

“…1 and 2). Similar results were obtained by Bouwman et al [11]: in this work a formulation mainly composed of cellulose or lactose was processed using high-shear granulation with water or viscous binders. The viscous binder strongly lowered the Stokes deformation number, thus leading to rounder granules with smoother surface.…”

“…As described by Bouwman et al [11], different material exchange mechanisms are exhibited increasing the Stokes deformation number: distribution, deformation (respectively steady growth and induction area in Fig. 5, lower Stokes deformation num- Table 4 Average granule porosity, granule density and mean pore diameter for the granules obtained using the three different liquid binders.…”

“…shape and size) with process and formulation variables, using granulation maps to describe particular growth/breakage mechanisms [11,12]. This approach considers the existence of two broad granule growth regimes [15,22]: steady growth and induction growth.…”

“…For example some authors have used a granulation map in order to discriminate between different growth/breakage mechanisms as a function of formulation and process variables [9,[10][11][12]. As a result of a specific growth/breakage mechanism, final granule shape has been correlated with a particular area in the growth regime map [11,12].…”

“…As a result of a specific growth/breakage mechanism, final granule shape has been correlated with a particular area in the growth regime map [11,12]. A similar approach will be here adopted for solid SEDDS.…”