The use of styrene-butadiene rubber waste as a potential filler in nitrile rubber: order of addition and size of waste particles

Abstract

-Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) has large applications in the shoe industry, especially as expanded sheets used to produce insoles and inner soles. According to TG analysis, the rubber content in SBR residues (SBR-r) was found to be around 26-wt%. Based on that data, a cost-effective technique for the reuse of SBRr in Nitrile rubber (NBR) was developed. Later, the effect of SBR-r on the cure behavior, mechanical performance, swelling, and crosslink density of reused rubber was investigated, with more emphasis placed on the effect of both particle size and loading of waste filler. Cure characteristics such as optimum cure time and scorch time were then reduced by the increasing amount of SBR-r filler. Owing to the reinforced nature of the largest particle size SBR-r, the best results for the mechanical properties of NBR were those in which SBR-r was added at the end of the cure process. The study has thus shown that SBR residue (SBR-r) can be used as an economical alternative filler in NBR.

Curing characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of butyl rubber filled with ground tire rubber (GTR)

“…are presented only in a few works, including investigation on waste rubber as potential filler for nitrile rubber [31] and compatibility improvement of obtained rubber compounds via surface modification of GTR with plasma [32]. In a research work [33], the variable content of ultrasonic devulcanized butyl rubber obtained from tire-curing bladder has been studied with respect to the mechanical properties of butyl rubber vulcanizes.…”

Distillation of granulated scrap tires in a pilot plant

“…In 2009, 19% of the tires generated in Europe were retreaded, 6% were disposed of in holding facilities, 37% were used in energy-generating processes, and 38% were used in the manufacture of other materials. Alternative fates for ELTs, including their retreading [2], de-vulcanization [3], their use in the steel industry [4], the manufacturing of rubber-modified asphalt [5], their use as road bases [6], and their use as fillers for the tread and sidewalls of new tires [7], have been the subject of study for years. Ground rubber products are also used for athletic and recreational materials, such as running tracks and playground surfaces [8].…”

Water-borne graphene-derived conductive SBR prepared by latex heterocoagulation

“…In order for SBR to be used in various practical applications, it should be reinforced with one of the various types of inorganic fillers. [1][2][3][4][5] Recently, conductive rubber nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes have received much attention. Since their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes have been utilized as a conductive filler for the enhancement of the mechanical and electrical properties of nanocomposites.…”