The use of Trametes versicolor laccase for the polymerization of aniline in the presence of vesicles as templates

Laccase-catalyzed electrochemical fabrication of polyaniline/graphene oxide composite onto graphite felt electrode and its application in bioelectrochemical system

“…Compared with the blank GF, several new peaks could be observed at 1565 cm -1 , 1497 cm -1 and 1300 cm -1 from the FT-IR of PANi/GF and Lac.-PANi/GF, which could be ascribed to the stretching vibration of14 C=N and C=C on quinoid diimine unit, C=C aromatic ring on benzenoid diamine unit and C-N on secondary aromatic amines, respectively. The 1,4-disubtituted aromatic rings vibrate between 880 cm -1 and 800 cm -1[26]. These results were similar to the previous study by Otrokhov et al[25], indicating the presence of PANi on GF.…”

“…The participation of laccase was beneficial for the production of PANi, resulting in the increased stick of GO sheets onto the GF electrode. However, the aniline polymerization efficiency by laccase alone, i.e., without the participation of electropolymerization, is relatively low considering the high oxidation potential of aniline [26]. What's more, the polymerization reaction at the absence of laccase mainly happened in solution, but not on the GF surface.…”

“…The optimal pH for the catalytic activity of laccase is about 3.0-4.5, as this activity decreases when the pH is lowered [32]. What's more, most literature about aniline polymerization by laccase adopted the pH value of 3.5 and 3.6 [21,26,28,30].…”

“…Compared to other enzymes such as peroxidases, laccase catalyzed PANi polymerization is not only environmentally friendly but also does not require a stepwise addition of diluted hydrogen peroxide to the reaction medium [21,24]. Laccase catalysis allowed oxidative polymerization of aniline at environmentally friendly and relatively mild conditions, i.e., slightly acidic aqueous solution and room temperature, but without the formation of toxic byproducts such as benzidine [25][26][27]. Karamyshev Lac./PANi/GO/GF electrode) were compared in terms of power density, internal resistance and startup time.…”

Insight into the template effect of vesicles on the laccase-catalyzed oligomerization of N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine from Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements

“…Consequently, the reaction can be followed and characterized in situ by UV/vis/NIR and EPR spectroscopy1. Furthermore, due to the high colloidal stability of the suspension, it can immediately be used–without any separation or modification steps−for subsequent applications, for example ink-jet printing6. This high stability in suspension is remarkable for a PANI-ES type poly(PADPA) product, as PANI-ES78910 and poly(PADPA)11 synthesized by conventional chemical methods will precipitate during synthesis.…”