The use of translation in foreign language teaching

Abstract

The three members of the tenascin (TN) family, TN-C, TN-R, and TN-X, are apparently conserved in all vertebrates and therefore must have functions that contribute to survival. One specific domain of tenascins, the fibrinogen-like terminal knob, can be argued to have an essential function. Its position at the C-terminus makes it most vulnerable to loss through mutation or deletion, and it should have been eliminated in evolution if there were no selective pressure to maintain it. The epidermal growth factor and fibronectin III domains probably play an important role as spacers, placing the terminal knob at the end of the tribrachion or hexabrachion arms. In addition to functioning as spacers, at least some of these domains may have additional functional interactions. The conservation of these domains in evolution is comparable to that of some growth factors, consistent with this possibility. A phylogenetic tree of all known fibrinogen-related domains, including those in tenascins, is presented.

Own-language use in language teaching and learning

“…Meanwhile, Stibbard (1998) highlights the affective-humanistic benefits of mother tongue use with beginner learners in Hong Kong, and Levine (2003) suggests that 'principled' and 'meaningful' own-language use can contribute to a reduction in learner anxiety. Canagarajah (1999: 132) observes how own-language use puts Sri Lankan learners 'at ease.…”

Translation and EFL in Oman

“…Other educationalists also look at translation from a psychological aspect especially when it comes to relieving learners' anxiety in EFL classrooms. Stibbard (1998) points out that translation exercises play a major role in reducing the level of learners' anxiety and stress, particularly during the earlier stages of language learning. Creating a stress-free learning environment may positively contribute to creating effective foreign language teaching.…”

Student and Teacher Strategies for Communicating through Dialogue Journals in Hebrew: A Teacher Research Project

“…Stibbard (1994) analyzed the use of oral translation as a L2 teaching activity He suggested that translation may play a valuable role in L2 teaching. Stibbard (1994) analyzed the use of oral translation as a L2 teaching activity He suggested that translation may play a valuable role in L2 teaching.…”

“…A number of scholars view these two positions as unnecessary extremes and instead, advocate for a balanced approach in which teachers strategically use L1 in order to promote foreign language acquisition. Stibbard (1994) analyzed the use of oral translation as a L2 teaching activity He suggested that translation may play a valuable role in L2 teaching. Moreover, he asserted that translation should be an integral part of the language-learning program.…”