“…The use of online digital learning resources has also been connected to the level of effective student engagement in higher education (Das and Bhuwandeep, 2022; Khilji, 2022). Several issues have been recognized in prior research that influence the level of student engagement, such as the academic disciplines (Hu and Kuh, 2002; Pike et al , 2012), institutional and student characteristics (Kuh et al , 2008; Porter, 2006), student behaviors (Pike and Kuh, 2005; Zepke, 2014) and their relationships with peers and instruction (Kember, 2004; Mottet et al , 2005).…”