The Usefulness of Cube Copying for Evaluating Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Palmqvist, Sebastian; Hansson, Oskar; Minthon, Lennart; Londos, Elisabet

doi:10.1177/1533317508320084

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The MMSE and HDS‐R are themselves mosaics of subordinate cognitive examinations and analyzing subordinate tests should be more important than the total score 17 . In practice, it is often that other tests are also performed, such as the clock‐drawing 18 and/or cube‐copying tests, 19 to supplement the cognitive factors examined in the MMSE and/or HDS‐R. In the present study, there was no correlation between VSM scores and TMT or stroop test scores, which are standardized tests of frontal lobe function.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Computerized visuo‐spatial memory test as a supplementary screening test for dementia

2010

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Background: To prepare for a super-aging society, effective dementia screening tests are required. The most salient deficit appearing from the early stages of dementia/Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a deterioration in memory. The Hasegawa Dementia Scale-revised (HDS-R) and the MiniMental State Examination (MMSE) are widely used in Japan to screen for dementia. Both place an emphasis on memory function, but neither examines visuo-spatial memory (VSM) function, even though VSM deficits are a sensitive marker for the detection of conversion to dementia. Furthermore, brief tests of VSM that are appropriate for screening have not been standardized. Thus, in the present study, we devised a brief, computer-aided short-term VSM test. Methods: Sixty-six aged people were evaluated. Using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), it was found that 29 could be considered normal controls (NC; CDR 0), 10 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI; CDR 0.5), 15 had mild dementia (CDR 1), and 12 had moderate to severe dementia (CDR 2-3). The VSM test estimated how many locations each subject could memorize. Several numbered circles were shown on a monitor and subjects were required to memorize the location of these circles sequentially. After the numbers on the circles on the screen had disappeared, the subjects were required to indicate the circles in ascending order. A touch panel screen was used for this test to make it easier. The HDS-R was applied to subjects with MCI and dementia. Results: The mean (1SD) VSM score in subjects with MCI (5.70 1 0.96) was significantly lower than that in NC subjects (6.69 1 0.82), but significantly higher than that in subjects classified as CDR 1 (4.67 1 0.87). There was no significant difference in VSM scores between subjects classified as CDR 1 and CDR 2-3 (3.80 1 0.80). There was a moderate significant correlation between VSM and HDS-R scores. Conclusion: In the present study, the VSM test detected differences in VSM function among NC subjects and subjects with MCI and mild dementia. The software program for the VSM test is distributed for free so that it can be widely used.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Computerized visuo‐spatial memory test as a supplementary screening test for dementia

2010

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“…Semantic fluency was assessed using the animal naming fluency test [27]. Visuospatial function was assessed with a cube copying task [28] scored from 0 to 6 points [26]. Attention and speed were assessed using Trail Making Test Part A (TMT A) [29] and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitively normal women with Alzheimer’s disease proteinopathy show relative preservation of memory but not of hippocampal volume

et al. 2019

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BackgroundWe examined interactive effects of sex, diagnosis, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta/phosphorylated tau ratio (Aβ/P-tau) on verbal memory and hippocampal volumes.MethodsWe assessed 682 participants (350 women) from BioFINDER (250 cognitively normal [CN]; and 432 symptomatic: 186 subjective cognitive decline [SCD], 246 mild cognitive impairment [MCI]). General linear models evaluated effects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) proteinopathy (CSF Aß/p-tau ratio), diagnosis, and sex on verbal memory (ADAS-cog 10-word recall), semantic fluency (animal naming fluency), visuospatial skills (cube copy), processing speed/attention functions (Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Trail Making Part A), and hippocampal volumes.ResultsAmyloid-positive (Aβ/P-tau+) CN women (women with preclinical AD) showed memory equivalent to amyloid-negative (Aβ/P-tau−) CN women. In contrast, Aβ/P-tau+ CN men (men with preclinical AD) showed poorer memory than Aβ/P-tau− CN men. Symptomatic groups showed no sex differences in effect of AD proteinopathy on memory. There was no interactive effect of sex, diagnosis, and Aβ/P-tau on other measures of cognition or on hippocampal volume.ConclusionsCN women show relatively preserved verbal memory, but not general cognitive reserve or preserved hippocampal volume in the presence of Aβ/P-tau+. Results have implications for diagnosing AD in women, and for clinical trials.

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“…The 3D ability has previously been shown to highly correlate with a more thorough assessment of the lines and corners in a cube-copying. (Palmqvist et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Neuropsychological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical suggestions on how to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease with common cognitive tests

Palmqvist

Hansson

Minthon

et al. 2009

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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The Usefulness of Cube Copying for Evaluating Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract: The results indicate that cube copying can be used to evaluate ChEI treatment. It might also show a more long-lasting response to treatment than MMSE. Cube copying only measures a narrow cognitive function and can preferably be used with MMSE, which evaluates visuospatial ability poorly.

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Computerized visuo‐spatial memory test as a supplementary screening test for dementia

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Computerized visuo‐spatial memory test as a supplementary screening test for dementia

Cognitively normal women with Alzheimer’s disease proteinopathy show relative preservation of memory but not of hippocampal volume

Practical suggestions on how to differentiate dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease with common cognitive tests

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