The Utility of Serum Receptor-Binding Cancer Antigen Expressed on Siso Cells in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1) is a novel tumour marker that has been described in various kinds of cancer. The majority of observations include immunohistochemical studies; however, there are not enough data about the utility of this antigen as a serum tumour marker and its tumour specificity. AIM: To measure the serum levels of RCAS1 in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers and compare them with other GI tract tumour markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sera collected from patients with GI cancers (14 esophagus, 32 gastric and 36 colon) and from healthy volunteers (30 individuals) were analyzed for RCAS1 and compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 19-9. The relationship between serum RCAS1, tumour stage and tumour grade was also evaluated. RESULTS: Mean serum RCAS1 level was higher in patients with GI tract cancers compared with the control group (P=0.001). Among GI tract cancers, RCAS1 had lowest and highest sensitivity for esophagus and colon cancer diagnosis, respectively. Serum RCAS1 had a higher sensitivity for malignancy, except in the colon, and lower specificity in all groups compared with CEA. In comparison with cancer antigen 19-9, serum RCAS1 was more sensitive but less specific for all GI cancer groups. Mean serum RCAS1 levels were not statistically significant among histopathological tumour types (P>0.05). Although serum RCAS1 levels were significantly higher in cases with lymph node involvement compared with lymph node-negative cases (P=0.009), there was no difference between cases with and without serosal involvement, vascular invasion and distant metastasis; no correlation was found between tumour size and RCAS1 levels. CONCLUSIONS: RCAS1 may be used and combined with CEA as a tumour marker in GI tract cancers.

Diagnostic and prognostic significance of receptor‐binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells in lung‐cancer‐associated pleural effusion

“…RCAS1 is important in tumor progression or metastasis. Recent studies showed RCAS1 was expressed in various cancers . RCAS1 expression also has been associated with poor differentiation and advanced stage .…”

“…RCAS1 expression also has been associated with poor differentiation and advanced stage . Furthermore, RCAS1 expression was reported to be related to overall survival of patients with cancers of the lung, esophagus, and stomach . Thus, the level of RCAS1 may indicate the aggressiveness of human tumors behavior.…”

Diagnostic value of soluble receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells and carcinoembryonic antigen in malignant pleural effusion in patients with lung cancer

“…These findings indicate that RCAS1 on tumor cells may convey an important advantage in avoiding host immune surveillance. RCAS1 is expressed in various cancers including those of the lung, esophagus, breast, liver, pancreas, stomach and gallbladder . RCAS1 expression has also been associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, such as poor differentiation and advanced stage .…”

“…RCAS1 expression has also been associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, such as poor differentiation and advanced stage . Furthermore, RCAS1 expression was reported to be significantly and negatively related to overall survival of patients with cancers of the lung, esophagus and stomach . Thus, the concentration of RCAS1 may indicate the aggressiveness of tumors behavior in humans.…”

Increased RCAS1 Expression Is Associated with Advanced Histopathological Stage and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma

“…Taking into account the previous considerations, further studies should be performed in order to delineate whether RCAS1 positive tumor cells may induce apoptosis to their surrounding tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. As RCAS1 is easily detectable in biofluids [36, 37] further research effort should also be orientated to the determination of RCAS1 levels in serum or saliva during and after the treatment of gastric cancer patients with the aim of recognizing patients' recurrence.…”