“…It is important to point out that the right hand side of the model (outcomes) is dependent on the left hand side (input, output) so that the full chain consists of Input-Output-Outcome, with each specific output constructed to affect specific outcomes. The most commonly used method in evaluation research for conceptualizing the change and action theories is through the development of a causal chain (also called model, link, attribution or pathway) [6,11,15] from which a program logic model is developed, although often the terms causal chain or model and logic models are used interchangeably [4,8,12,26,39,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. The causal chain represents a series of steps of causal assumptions along a continuum that reflect the change theory underlying the intervention [5,6,11,15].…”