The vagus is inhibitory of insulin secretion under fasting conditions

Blat, Sophie; Malbert, C. H.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.4.e782

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Contrary to our findings, previous reports have demonstrated that vagotomy did not alter insulin clearance in lean pigs [ 23 ]. This suggests that vagotomy-induced reduction in insulin clearance is a phenomenon observed only in an obese mouse model, probably because they experienced malnutrition during early life.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Vagotomy Reduces Insulin Clearance in Obese Mice Programmed by Low-Protein Diet in the Adolescence

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on insulin sensitivity, secretion, and degradation in metabolic programmed mice, induced by a low-protein diet early in life, followed by exposure to a high-fat diet in adulthood. Weaned 30-day-old C57Bl/6 mice were submitted to a low-protein diet (6% protein). After 4 weeks, the mice were distributed into three groups: LP group, which continued receiving a low-protein diet; LP + HF group, which started to receive a high-fat diet; and LP + HFvag group, which underwent vagotomy and also was kept at a high-fat diet. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in isolated islets, ipGTT, ipITT, in vivo insulin clearance, and liver expression of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) was accessed. Vagotomy improved glucose tolerance and reduced insulin secretion but did not alter adiposity and insulin sensitivity in the LP + HFvag, compared with the LP + HF group. Improvement in glucose tolerance was accompanied by increased insulinemia, probably due to a diminished insulin clearance, as judged by the lower C-peptide : insulin ratio, during the ipGTT. Finally, vagotomy also reduced liver IDE expression in this group. In conclusion, when submitted to vagotomy, the metabolic programmed mice showed improved glucose tolerance, associated with an increase of plasma insulin concentration as a result of insulin clearance reduction, a phenomenon probably due to diminished liver IDE expression.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Vagotomy Reduces Insulin Clearance in Obese Mice Programmed by Low-Protein Diet in the Adolescence

et al. 2017

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“…Biochemical analyses were performed on this serum and urine by routine clinical laboratory methods. Additionally, plasma insulin, amino acid concentrations of plasma and urinary samples were measured in 3 NP and 5 HP piglets at d16 as previously described [12,13] . Amino acid concentrations were not determined in plasma and urinary samples of HP-sup piglets at d16 because of insufficient plasma and urine samples.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Biological Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Effects of a Neonatal High-Protein Diet in Low-Birth-Weight Piglets Used as a Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

et al. 2009

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Background: Although full-term infants suffering intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are routinely fed high-protein (HP) formulas to ensure catch-up growth, the effects of HP intake are poorly understood. An IUGR piglet model provides an opportunity to investigate these effects. Methods and Results: Twelve IUGR piglets were artificially fed HP formulas (50% more protein in comparison to sow milk) from the 2nd day of life (d2) until d28. Unexpectedly, all HP piglets developed poor growth, severe hypotonia and polypnea between d10 and d16. One third died spontaneously. This syndrome was investigated to understand its pathophysiology and to adopt a strategy to restore health. Blood and urine biochemistry and amino acid concentrations were investigated in 10 HP piglets and 8 piglets that were fed a normal-protein (NP) formula. In comparison to NP piglets, HP piglets showed significant hypokalemia (2.7 ± 0.6 vs. 3.6 ± 0.6 mmol/l; p < 0.01), hypophosphatemia (1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 3.0 ± 0.3 mmol/l; p > 0.01), hypercalcemia (3.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mmol/l; p < 0.01), hyperammonemia (365 ± 4 vs. 242 ± 15 µmol/l; p < 0.05), elevated blood urea (6.5 ± 0.4 vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 mmol/l; p < 0.01) and elevated taurine concentrations (50.2 ± 8.5 vs. 17.7 ± 2.7 µmol/l; p < 0.01). Conclusions: These altered parameters indicated inadequate potassium and phosphorus dietary supplies in HP piglets. When the HP formula was supplemented with monocalcium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate (HP-sup), serum biochemistry was normalized in piglets fed this formula (n = 8). This experimental strategy restored growth in IUGR piglets fed HP-sup, without a toxic effect. The current findings suggest that use of an HP formula without a proportional increase in its phosphorus and potassium content induces pathology similar to the refeeding syndrome in IUGR piglets.

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“…In line with this assumption, plasma insulin was lower in SDA than in sham obese rats. It needs to be determined whether this effect is due to the loss of vagal efferent signals that stimulate insulin secretion or to the disruption of afferent neurons that transmit information to the brain, which then reflexively inhibits insulin release via sympathetic efferents to the pancreas, or to a combination of both (5,16). Hyperinsulinemia correlates with body weight and, in particular, body fat (e.g., Ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

Subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation affects body weight gain and glucose metabolism in obese male Zucker (fa/fa) rats

Ferrari

Arnold²,

Carr³

et al. 2005

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-We investigated the effect of subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation (SDA) on food intake, body weight gain, and metabolism in obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/?) Zucker rats. Before and after recovery from surgery, food intake and body weight gain were recorded, and plasma glucose and insulin were measured in tail-prick blood samples. After implantation of a jugular vein catheter, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed, followed by minimal modeling to estimate the insulin sensitivity index. Food intake relative to metabolic body weight (g/kg 0.75 ) and daily body weight gain after surgery were lower (P Ͻ 0.05) in SDA than in sham obese but not lean rats. Before surgery, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were lower (P Ͻ 0.05) in lean than in obese rats but did not differ between surgical groups within both genotypes. Four weeks after surgery, plasma glucose and insulin were still similar in SDA and sham lean rats but lower (P Ͻ 0.05) in SDA than in sham obese rats. IVGTT revealed a downward shift of the plasma insulin profile by SDA in obese but not lean rats, whereas the plasma glucose profile was unaffected. SDA decreased (P Ͻ 0.05) area under the curve for insulin but not glucose in obese rats. The insulin sensitivity index was higher in lean than in obese rats but was not affected by SDA in both genotypes. These results suggest that elimination of vagal afferent signals from the upper gut reduces food intake and body weight gain without affecting the insulin sensitivity index measured by minimal modeling in obese Zucker rats. food intake; insulin sensitivity; minimal modeling; obesity THE ZUCKER FATTY RAT (fa/fa) rat is homozygous for a mutation in the leptin receptor gene (29). Leptin inhibits the activity of neuropeptide Y and stimulates the expression of proopiomelanocortin and the cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), resulting in reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure. In the obese Zucker rat, the signal from leptin is not transduced. Neuropeptide Y activity becomes chronically increased, and hardly any CART expression can be found in the arcuate nucleus. This leads to increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure and provides an internal milieu that promotes the accretion of body fat (38). The obese Zucker rat develops severe obesity and pronounced hyperinsulinemia with relatively mild hyperglycemia (6, 37). Long-lasting hyperinsulinemia is responsible for changes in target tissue sensitivity to the glucose regulatory effect of insulin and may contribute to profound insulin resistance (12,38). Secondary changes consist of hyperlipemia with elevated concentrations of plasma triglycerides and plasma cholesterol, increased number and size of adipocytes and pancreatic islets, hepatic steatosis, and an increased activity of parasympathetic efferents accompanied by a decreased activity of sympathetic nerves (12,13,38).Vagal afferents provide the major neuroanatomical link between the gut, which digests and absorbs ingested nutrients, and the centr...

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The vagus is inhibitory of insulin secretion under fasting conditions

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Vagotomy Reduces Insulin Clearance in Obese Mice Programmed by Low-Protein Diet in the Adolescence

Vagotomy Reduces Insulin Clearance in Obese Mice Programmed by Low-Protein Diet in the Adolescence

Fatal Effects of a Neonatal High-Protein Diet in Low-Birth-Weight Piglets Used as a Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation affects body weight gain and glucose metabolism in obese male Zucker (fa/fa) rats

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