The validity and reliability of the Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT) in healthy subjects and in Parkinson's disease patients

Maremmani, Carlo; Rossi, Giuseppe; Tambasco, Nicola; Fattori, Bruno; Pieroni, Aldo; Ramat, Silvia; Napolitano, Alessandro; Vanni, Paola; Serra, Palma; Piersanti, P.; Zanetti, Michela; Coltelli, Maila; Orsini, M; Marconi, Roberto; Purcaro, Carlo; Rossi, Aroldo; Calabresi, Paolo; Meco, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.03.021

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[29] They reported that the sensitivity of UPSIT (86%) was not significantly different from that of the DaTSCAN (92% and a specificity of 85% (65-100%) in Argentinean population using a hyposmia rating scale. [10,30] An improvement in the sensitivity and specificity of INSIT with appropriate modifications can be made possible with further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9] These studies have used different smell kits based on cultural and regional differences. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Various tests address different components of olfaction like threshold, discrimination, and identification. Of the various olfactory testing kits available, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) [16,17] and SniffIn-sticks [18] Original Article [Downloaded free from http://www.neurologyindia.com on Thursday, September 05, 2013, IP: 220.225.230.106] || Click here to download free Android application fo this journal are the most popular and widely used for screening olfaction in idiopathic PD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Indian smell identification test for evaluating olfaction in idiopathic Parkinson′s disease patients in India

George¹,

Jose²,

Behari³

2013

Neurol India

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Indian smell identification test for evaluating olfaction in idiopathic Parkinson′s disease patients in India

George¹,

Jose²,

Behari³

2013

Neurol India

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“…Idiopathic hyposmia (IH), a reduced olfactory sensitivity, is a common NMM in 95% of PD patients [8]. The risk of developing PD is about 10-12% greater in healthy adults with IH compared to those without IH [9]. However, IH is not sufficient to identify PD onset, since it has low specificity for PD development.…”

Section: Clinical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper limb motor pre-clinical assessment in Parkinson's disease using machine learning

Cavallo

Moschetti

Esposito

et al. 2019

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

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Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by disabling motor and non-motor symptoms. For example, idiopathic hyposmia (IH), which is a reduced olfactory sensitivity, is typical in > 95% of PD patients and is a preclinical marker for the pathology. Methods: In this work, a wearable inertial device, named SensHand V1, was used to acquire motion data from the upper limbs during the performance of six tasks selected by MDS-UPDRS III. Three groups of people were enrolled, including 30 healthy subjects, 30 IH people, and 30 PD patients. Forty-eight parameters per side were computed by spatiotemporal and frequency data analysis. A feature array was selected as the most significant to discriminate among the different classes both in two-group and three-group classification. Multiple analyses were performed comparing three supervised learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Naïve Bayes, on three different datasets. Results: Excellent results were obtained for healthy vs. patients classification (F-Measure 0.95 for RF and 0.97 for SVM), and good results were achieved by including subjects with hyposmia as a separate group (0.79 accuracy, 0.80 precision with RF) within a three-group classification. Overall, RF classifiers were the best approach for this application. Conclusion: The system is suitable to support an objective PD diagnosis. Further, combining motion analysis with a validated olfactory screening test, a two-step non-invasive, low-cost procedure can be defined to appropriately analyze people at risk for PD development, helping clinicians to identify also subtle changes in motor performance that characterize PD onset.

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“…Identification tests are the easiest both to perform and to interpret. A comparison of different identification tests is presented in Table (Silveira‐Moriyama et al, , ; Chen et al, ; Maremmani et al, ; George et al, ; Picillo et al, ; Rodriguez‐Violante et al, ; Yu and Wu, ). Doty and colleagues () were the first to use the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test to study the olfactory disturbance of PD patients.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory symptoms in Parkinson's disease: Clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment

Zhu

et al. 2016

J of Neuroscience Research

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population and is typically manifested by motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms and signs. Nonmotor symptoms, such as sensory symptoms, have been regarded as the significant features of this disease. These symptoms often occur in early stages of PD and influence quality of life. However, researchers suggest that the sensory symptoms of PD are frequently unrecognized by clinicians and remain untreated. The disorders include pain, olfactory disturbance, and visual dysfunction input on the underlying sensory abnormality. This Review focuses on the clinical features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment strategies for sensory symptoms of PD from both clinical studies and basic research, providing a comprehensive overview of the sensory symptoms in PD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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The validity and reliability of the Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT) in healthy subjects and in Parkinson's disease patients

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Use of Indian smell identification test for evaluating olfaction in idiopathic Parkinson′s disease patients in India

Use of Indian smell identification test for evaluating olfaction in idiopathic Parkinson′s disease patients in India

Upper limb motor pre-clinical assessment in Parkinson's disease using machine learning

Sensory symptoms in Parkinson's disease: Clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment

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