The value of China’s coastal wetlands and seawalls for storm protection

Liu, Xin; Wang, Yebao; Costanza, Robert; Kubiszewski, Ida; Xu, N.; Yuan, Mei-Hua; Geng, Ruiying

doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100905

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This is especially important in developing countries such as Vietnam, as the construction of dykes is expensive (US$ 2,270 per m for a 3.5 m high concrete dyke), and the possibility of increasing dyke height is limited due to the load-bearing capacity of the soil (Albers and Schmitt, 2015). Similarly, in China, a comparison of constructing marsh and other coastal wetlands as an alternative of seawalls for storm protection, led the authors to conclude that "wetlands are a less costly alternative for storm protection" and should be incorporated with seawalls in national coastal defense strategies (Liu et al, 2019). A study for the United Kingdom showed that fronting protective structures with coastal wetlands significantly lowered seawall requirements and resulted in subsequent savings in construction costs (Mangi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Economic Valuation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study for the United Kingdom showed that fronting protective structures with coastal wetlands significantly lowered seawall requirements and resulted in subsequent savings in construction costs (Mangi et al, 2011). Such a combination of "green" and "gray" infrastructure may be the most effective way of protecting vulnerable coasts from the variability of sea level rise, increased frequency and intensity of storms, and the risks of climate change (Mangi et al, 2011;Arkema et al, 2013;Barbier, 2014;Sandilyan and Kathiresan, 2015;World Bank, 2016;Dasgupta et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Economic Valuation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems as Defense Against Flood Damages: An Economic Perspective

Barbier

2020

Front. Clim.

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The rapid loss of estuarine and coastal ecosystems (ECEs) in recent years has raised concerns over their role in protecting coastal communities from storms that damage property, cause deaths, and inflict injuries. This paper reviews valuation studies of the protective service of ECEs in terms of reducing flood damages. Although the number of studies have grown significantly, there is still a need for a greater range of studies in more locations and for a wider variety of ecosystems. This review also examines, from an economic perspective, the issues and challenges surrounding estimating the protective benefits of ECEs, as exemplified by some of the recent valuation studies. Recent developments in valuation methods are summarized and critically reviewed. Important challenges remain in valuing coastal ecosystems as a defense against flood damages. The review discusses two of them, such as how protective benefits are subject to spatial variability and dependent on connectivity across “seascapes.” These challenges, along with analyzing the multiple benefits of estuarine and coastal ecosystems, are important areas of future research priority.

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Section: Economic Valuation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economic Valuation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems as Defense Against Flood Damages: An Economic Perspective

Barbier

2020

Front. Clim.

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“…The modelling techniques for flood inundation and flood frequency analysis have significantly improved in the last half century ( Teng et al, 2017 ; Debele et al, 2017a ; Debele et al, 2017b ; Debele et al, 2017c ). The models incorporating NBS for flood remediation have broadly been used in flood risk assessment and mapping ( Li et al, 2019a , Li et al, 2019b ; Thorslund et al, 2017 ; Wu et al, 2019 ; Martinez-Martinez et al, 2014 ; Yeo et al, 2019 ; Vinten et al, 2019 ; Guida et al, 2015 ; Vuik et al, 2018 ; Jurczak et al, 2018 ; Alves et al, 2020 ; Lin et al, 2020 ), flood damage assessment ( Ming et al, 2007 ; Alves et al, 2020 ) and coastal flood risk mapping ( Vuik et al, 2016 ; Highfield et al, 2018 ; Wamsley et al, 2010 ; Liu et al, 2019 ; Stark et al, 2016 ). Here, we briefly discuss the models which have been used to simulate the efficiency and performance of NBS, such as wetlands, ponds, and green approaches against flood risk along with their scale and input data.…”

Section: Assessment Framework: Overview Of Modelling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature-based solutions efficiency evaluation against natural hazards: Modelling methods, advantages and limitations

Kumar

Debele

Sahani

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

132

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Nature-based solutions (NBS) for hydro-meteorological risks (HMRs) reduction and management are becoming increasingly popular, but challenges such as the lack of well-recognised standard methodologies to evaluate their performance and upscale their implementation remain. We systematically evaluate the current state-of-the art on the models and tools that are utilised for the optimum allocation, design and efficiency evaluation of NBS for five HMRs (flooding, droughts, heatwaves, landslides, and storm surges and coastal erosion). We found that methods to assess the complex issue of NBS efficiency and cost-benefits analysis are still in the development stage and they have only been implemented through the methodologies developed for other purposes such as fluid dynamics models in micro and catchment scale contexts. Of the reviewed numerical models and tools MIKE-SHE, SWMM (for floods), ParFlow-TREES, ACRU, SIMGRO (for droughts), WRF, ENVI-met (for heatwaves), FUNWAVE-TVD, BROOK90 (for landslides), TELEMAC and ADCIRC (for storm surges) are more flexible to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of specific NBS such as wetlands, ponds, trees, parks, grass, green roof/walls, tree roots, vegetations, coral reefs, mangroves, sea grasses, oyster reefs, sea salt marshes, sandy beaches and dunes. We conclude that the models and tools that are capable of assessing the multiple benefits, particularly the performance and cost-effectiveness of NBS for HMR reduction and management are not readily available. Thus, our synthesis of modelling methods can facilitate their selection that can maximise opportunities and refute the current political hesitation of NBS deployment compared with grey solutions for HMR management but also for the provision of a wide range of social and economic co-benefits. However, there is still a need for bespoke modelling tools that can holistically assess the various components of NBS from an HMR reduction and management perspective. Such tools can facilitate impact assessment modelling under different NBS scenarios to build a solid evidence base for upscaling and replicating the implementation of NBS.

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“…The storms are; hurricanes, tropical storms, typhoons, tornadoes, winter storms, and cyclones, resulting in casualties, their investment loss, and coastal environment hazards. The lower sedimentary shores have lesser flooding resistance (Liu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specifications and types of seawall structures needed to protect beaches from sand erosion and storm disasters

Zehro¹

2021

IJAESA

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When someone decides to buy a house or any other estate near the shoreline, they do not think that in future nature will impact the value of their asset significantly. Further to the risks of hurricanes or any other natural hazards (such as tsunami), waves are gradually shifting the coastlines by displacing soil from a location to various areas. In recent decades, coasts have been affected by a significant deterioration due to weather conditions, waves, and coastal soil erosion. Hence, it needs precise environmental consideration, and preserves coasts for leisure, specifying reasons that promoted effective technologies from immersed structures to coastal nourishing. Therefore, by constructing sea-walls should prevent shoreline environments, especially the mechanism of sedimentation, long-shore transfer of sand, altering the coasts to the significant proportion which results from weathering and sea waves sever. In this paper, an overview submitted to the kinds of seawalls and specifications needed to sustain the seawalls. There explained the positive and negative effects of seawalls on coastal area, and the required factors to enhance seawalls stabilization against overturning and sliding failure. Also, the developed types of seawall structures have been identified that, in addition to the more practical vertical model, the stepped, rubble-mound, and curves have also been designed. It is recommended to coastal structure designer and engineers, in the pre-construction stage should precisely be studied on the coast situation and weathering conditions in the area, that is essential to make sustainable decisions and designs for construction of these structures.

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The value of China’s coastal wetlands and seawalls for storm protection

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems as Defense Against Flood Damages: An Economic Perspective

Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems as Defense Against Flood Damages: An Economic Perspective

Nature-based solutions efficiency evaluation against natural hazards: Modelling methods, advantages and limitations

Specifications and types of seawall structures needed to protect beaches from sand erosion and storm disasters

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