The value of intravesical prostatic protrusion in evaluation of bladder outlet obstruction from benign prostatic enlargement in Nigeria

Agbo, Christian A; Ramyil, VM; Dakum, NK; Shuaibu, Samaila I; Onowa, Victor E.; Nabasu, Lemech E.; Galam, Zingkur Z.; Ukaonu, Blessed C.

doi:10.1016/j.afju.2018.11.007

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…One would then expect a similarity in the correlations with clinical variables of the impact of BPH, in particular quality of life and IPSS scores, but this is not the case. Indeed, as in the series of Agbo A.C. et al in Nigeria [4], our study shows that there is a statistically correlation between IPP and QoL score (p = 0.0461).…”

Section: Correlation Analysissupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The mean of the 55 IPP measurements was 14.85 ± 9.10 mm. This mean value is slightly higher than the values found by Aganovic et al [10] in Bosnia, with 11.7 ± 6.6 mm and by Agbo A.C. et al [4] in Nigeria, with 12.9 ± 7 mm. As in the series of Eze B.U.…”

Section: Ultrasonography Datacontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Indeed, more the volume of the prostate increases, more the IPP becomes marked. Agbo A.C. et al [4] in Nigeria (p = 0.002), Franco G et al [8] in Italy (p = 0.01) also found a significant link between IPP and prostate volume.…”

Section: Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The evaluation of the volume of the middle lobe or the measurement of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) participates in the assessment of the impact of BPH. Many studies have shown that ultrasonography by assessing IPP can be used to assess the repercussion of BPH on the urinary tract and on the quality of life (QoL) [4] [5]. But in practice, it is rather the volume of the middle lobe that is assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intravesical Prostate Protrusion (IPP) versus Middle Lobe Volume on Ultrasonography in Assessing the Impact of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Tchaou¹,

Hounkpevi²,

Gbande³

et al. 2020

OJRad

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Background: Ultrasound is the main method of exploring the prostate. In benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), it provides important morphological information and assesses its impact, helping to guide the treatment. Objective: To compare intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) and middle lobe volume by ultrasound in BPH. Method: This was a single center prospective, descriptive and analytical study, over a period of 6 months, including 95 patients, undergoing prostatic trans-abdominal ultrasound. Patients were selected by a single urologist for clinical suspicion of benign prostatic hypertrophy. The ultrasound examination was done by a single senior radiologist. Results: The mean age of the patients was 66.63 ± 11.55 years with ranges from 38 to 98 years. The prevalence of BPH was 76.84%. The rate of patient with middle lobe protrusion was 48.42%. The mean middle lobe volume was 11.29 ± 12.90 ml. More than half of the patients (50.91%) had an IPP stage 3 of. The mean bladder wall thickness was 6.08 ± 2.58 mm, with 50.53% being pathological. The post-voiding residue (PVR) was significant in 38.75% of patients. Renal repercussions were present in 17.89%. The correlation analysis did not note a statistical link between prostate volume and quality of life score (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between IPP values and quality of life score (p = 00461), IPSS score (p = 0.0424) and PVR (p = 0.0395). For middle lobe volume, there was a correlation with PVR (p = 0.0018). There was no correlation with clinical impact (quality of life score and IPSS score). Conclusion:

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Section: Correlation Analysissupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Ultrasonography Datacontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intravesical Prostate Protrusion (IPP) versus Middle Lobe Volume on Ultrasonography in Assessing the Impact of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Tchaou¹,

Hounkpevi²,

Gbande³

et al. 2020

OJRad

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“…The mean IPP in this study was 10.3 mm which was within grade III IPP. This is similar to the findings of Agbo [22] and Sidgel et al [23] who reported mean IPP of 12.9 mm and 14.6 mm, respectively. About half of the patients (50.3%) had grade III IPP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Correlation of intravesical prostatic protrusion with severity of lower urinary symptoms among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

et al. 2021

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Background Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by an increase in the number of epithelial and stromal cells in the periurethral area of the prostate. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) often develop as a manifestation of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostate enlargement. When the prostate enlarges, protrusion into the bladder often occurs as a result of morphological changes of the gland. Prostatic protrusion into the bladder can be measured with ultrasound as intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP). There are studies that have shown IPP as a reliable predictor of bladder obstruction index (BOOI) as measured by pressure flow studies. IPP is thereby reliable in assessing the severity of BOO in patients with BPH. The severity of symptoms in patients with BPH can be assessed through several scoring systems. The most widely used symptoms scoring system is the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS). The aim of this study is to determine the correlation of IPP with IPSS in men with BPH at our facility. Methods The study was a cross-sectional observational study that was conducted at the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, in our facility. The study was conducted on patients greater than 50 years LUTS and an enlarged prostate on digital rectal examination and/or ultrasound. All consenting patients were assessed with the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) questionnaire, following which an abdominal ultrasound was done to measure the intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), prostate volume (PV) and post-void residual (PVR) urine. All the patients had uroflowmetry, and the peak flow rate was determined. The data obtained were entered into a proforma. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software package version 20. Results A total of 167 patients were seen during the study period. The mean age was 63.7 ± 8.9 years, with a range of 45–90 years. The mean IPSS was 18.24 ± 6.93, with a range of 5–35. There were severe symptoms in 49.1%, while 43.1% had moderate symptoms and 7.8% had mild symptoms. The overall mean IPP was 10.3 ± 8 mm. Sixty-two patients (37.1%) had grade I IPP, 21 patients (12.6%) had grade II IPP and 84 patients (50.3%) had grade III IPP. The mean prostate volume and peak flow rate were 64 g ± 34.7 and 11.6 ml/s ± 5.4, respectively. The median PVR was 45 ml with a range of 0–400 ml. There was a significant positive correlation between the IPP and IPSS (P = 0.001). IPP also had a significant positive correlation with prostate volume and post-void residual and a significant negative correlation with the peak flow rate (P < 0.01). Conclusion Intravesical prostatic protrusion is a reliable predictor of severity of LUTS as measured by IPSS, and it also shows good correlation with other surrogates of bladder outlet obstruction.

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A Review of Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion in the Evaluation and Treatment of Benign Prostatic Enlargement

Eze

Amu

Edeh

2021

EJMED

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The evaluation of severity of symptoms, tracking complications, choosing effective and efficient approach to treatment, and prognosis is important in benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) patients. Measurement of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) is an easy, affordable and non-invasive marker for benign prostatic obstruction with a high diagnostic value. This study aims to undertake a descriptive review of current literature for the role of IPP in the evaluation and treatment of patients with BPE. Relevant articles written in English language were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords used for searching articles included intravesical prostatic Protrusion and Benign Prostatic Enlargement/ hyperplasia/ Obstruction; evaluation; and treatment. Papers published between January 1990 and October 2020 were extracted and evaluated. The analyzed studies showed that IPP can be assessed by various modalities and is important in the evaluation of symptom severity, tracking progression and complications of disease, choosing treatment option and prognostication. It is important that IPP be always assessed at the point of initial evaluation of BPE patients.

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The value of intravesical prostatic protrusion in evaluation of bladder outlet obstruction from benign prostatic enlargement in Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Intravesical Prostate Protrusion (IPP) versus Middle Lobe Volume on Ultrasonography in Assessing the Impact of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Intravesical Prostate Protrusion (IPP) versus Middle Lobe Volume on Ultrasonography in Assessing the Impact of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Correlation of intravesical prostatic protrusion with severity of lower urinary symptoms among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

A Review of Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion in the Evaluation and Treatment of Benign Prostatic Enlargement

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