“…The development of early techniques in assisted reproductive technology (ART), such as sperm preparation for intrauterine insemination, was quite simple. However, the widespread introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and thereafter in more recent years further sophisticated and invasive techniques, such as the vitrification of gametes or embryos and embryo biopsy for genetic testing, presented additional challenges in the daily routine of an IVF laboratory (Choucair et al, 2021). Surprisingly, even today embryology training programs are often not officially certified, and in quite a few countries a certificate of competence is not required to practice as an embryologist.…”