The Vanguard Torrential Storm (Meteorology and Hydrology)

Hunter, Fraser G.; Donald, David B.; Johnson, B. C.; Hyde, Wayne D.; Hopkinson, R. F.; Hanesiak, John; Kellerhals, Markus; Oegema, B.

doi:10.4296/cwrj2702213

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Snowmelt runoff was probably an important source of herbicides, such as ethametsulfuron and imazamethabenz, to the reservoirs. After herbicide application to crops, major rainfall runoff from agricultural landscapes (Hunter et al 2002) can transport relatively high concentrations of a variety of insecticides and herbicides to reservoirs and wetlands (Table 7) (Donald et al 1999, 2005; Wauchope 1978). During the present study, the highest recorded concentrations of six herbicides in reservoir water followed 133 mm of rain in 15 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides in Surface Drinking-Water Supplies of the Northern Great Plains

Donald

Cessna

Sverko

et al. 2007

Environ Health Perspect

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157

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BackgroundHuman health anomalies have been associated with pesticide exposure for people living in rural landscapes in the northern Great Plains of North America.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of 45 pesticides in drinking water from reservoirs in this area that received water primarily from snowmelt and rainfall runoff from agricultural crop lands.MethodsWater from 15 reservoirs was sampled frequently during the spring pesticide application period (early May to mid-August) and less frequently for the remainder of the year. Drinking water was sampled in early July. Sample extracts were analyzed for pesticide content using mass spectrometric detection.ResultsWe detected two insecticides and 27 herbicides in reservoir water. Consistent detection of a subset of 7 herbicides suggested that atmospheric deposition, either directly or in rain, was the principal pathway from fields to the reservoirs. However, the highest concentrations and number of herbicides in drinking water were associated with runoff from a localized 133-mm rainfall over 15 days toward the end of spring herbicide application. Water treatment removed from 14 to 86% of individual herbicides. Drinking water contained 3–15 herbicides (average, 6.4).ConclusionsWe estimated the mean annual calculated concentration of herbicides in drinking water to be 75 ng/L (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid, 31 ng/L (2-chloro-4-methylphenoxy)acetic acid, 24 ng/L clopyralid, 11 ng/L dichlorprop, 4 ng/L dicamba, 3 ng/L mecoprop, and 1 ng/L bro-moxynil. The maximum total concentration of herbicides in drinking water was 2,423 ng/L. For the seven herbicides with established drinking water guidelines, all concentrations of the individual chemicals were well below their respective guideline. However, guidelines have not been established for the majority of the herbicides found in drinking water or for mixtures of pesticides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides in Surface Drinking-Water Supplies of the Northern Great Plains

Donald

Cessna

Sverko

et al. 2007

Environ Health Perspect

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157

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“…Most general circulation models (GCM) also forecast an increase in winter precipitation for this region, coupled with decreased net soil moisture and water resources in summer, and more frequent extreme departures from mean conditions, including severe drought (Hengeveld, 2000). Unfortunately, long-term forecasting of precipitation is problematic for dry environments (Hostetler and Giorgi, 1993;Herrington et al, 1997), where precipitation is variable and occasionally extreme (Hunter et al, 2002). Subhumid ecosystems and soil landscapes are sensitive to fluctuations in the surface and soil water balances (Lemmen and Vance, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aridity on the Canadian Plains

Sauchyn

Barrow

Hopkinson³

et al. 2004

gpq

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The Prairie Ecozone is the only major region of Canada where drought is a landscape hazard; aridity is linked to soil erosion. Management of prairie ecosystems and soil landscapes therefore requires an understanding of past and future trends and variability in regional aridity. We used instrumental and paleoclimatic records to define a regional baseline for prairie aridity, to evaluate the utility of modern climate normals (i.e. 1961-1990) as a benchmark for future climatic change, and to provide a historical context for a range of General Circulation Model (GCM) forecasts of regional aridity. A warm-dry scenario derived from the Canadian GCM projects a significant increase in the area of subhumid and semiarid climate. Tree rings and diatom-inferred lake salinity record prolonged arid events and show that the climate normal period of 1961-1990 may have been the most benign climate of the past 750 years. The climate of the 20th century was anomalous in terms of the absence of sustained drought. Because both lake and tree-ring analyses recorded an abrupt amelioration of climatic conditions near the start of the instrumental record, we suggest that the immediate impacts of future global warming may be to return the prairies to past conditions in which persistent aridity was recorded for intervals of decades or longer.

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“…The largest area eight-hour event in the Canadian Prairies was the rainstorm of 3 July 2000 around Vanguard in southwest Saskatchewan. This storm brought about 375 mm of rainfall, exceeding the average annual precipitation of 360 mm, and caused severe flooding [20]. The projected changes to precipitation amounts in Canada for 2041-2070 show an increase in maximum precipitation in the range of about 10-20% for the prairies for the 20-year return period of one-day precipitation [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Sustainability of Agriculture Stressed by Changing Extremes of Drought and Excess Moisture: A Conceptual Review

Wheaton

Kulshreshtha

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:As the climate changes, the effects of agriculture on the environment may change. In the future, an increasing frequency of climate extremes, such as droughts, heat waves, and excess moisture, is expected. Past research on the interaction between environment and resources has focused on climate change effects on various sectors, including agricultural production (especially crop production), but research on the effects of climate change using agri-environmental indicators (AEI) of environmental sustainability of agriculture is limited. The aim of this paper was to begin to address this knowledge gap by exploring the effects of future drought and excess moisture on environmental sustainability of agriculture. Methods included the use of a conceptual framework, literature reviews, and an examination of the climate sensitivities of the AEI models. The AEIs assessed were those for the themes of soil and water quality, and farmland management as developed by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Additional indicators included one for desertification and another for water supply and demand. The study area was the agricultural region of the Canadian Prairie Provinces. We found that the performance of several indicators would likely decrease in a warming climate with more extremes. These indicators with declining performances included risks for soil erosion, soil salinization, desertification, water quality and quantity, and soil contamination. Preliminary trends of other indicators such as farmland management were not clear. AEIs are important tools for measuring climate impacts on the environmental sustainability of agriculture. They also indicate the success of adaptation measures and suggest areas of operational and policy development. Therefore, continued reporting and enhancement of these indicators is recommended.

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The Vanguard Torrential Storm (Meteorology and Hydrology)

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Pesticides in Surface Drinking-Water Supplies of the Northern Great Plains

Pesticides in Surface Drinking-Water Supplies of the Northern Great Plains

Aridity on the Canadian Plains

Environmental Sustainability of Agriculture Stressed by Changing Extremes of Drought and Excess Moisture: A Conceptual Review

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