The vapour pressure and resistivity of selenium at high temperatures

Baker, E. H.

doi:10.1039/j19680001089

Cited by 51 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Significant MoSe 2 or MoS 2 layer forms in both cases: 510 nm MoS 2 layer in Figure (b) for CZTS and 730 nm MoSe 2 layer in Figure (c) for CZTSe. Given the short selenization time of 7 min in contrast to the 12 min sulfurization time, the smaller vapor pressure of selenium due to a saturation pressure of approximately 0.25 atm at 585 °C, it can be concluded that the selenization reaction rate of Mo is much faster than the sulfurization reaction rate. Recently, it was reported that the control of the MoSe 2 layer thickness is important in synthesizing high‐performance CZTSe PV devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposited Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ thin film solar cell with 7% power conversion efficiency

Guo

Zhu

Gunawan

et al. 2013

Progress in Photovoltaics

153

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High performance Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CZTSe) photovoltaic materials were synthesized by electrodeposition of metal stack precursors followed by selenization. A champion solar cell with 7.0% efficiency is demonstrated. This is the highest efficiency among all of the CZTSe solar cells prepared from electrodeposited metallic precursors reported to-date. Device parameters are discussed from the perspective of material microstructure and composition in order to improve performance. In addition, a high performance electrodeposited CZTS (S only) solar cell was demonstrated and its device characteristics were compared against the CZTSe (Se only) cell. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry for the analysis of the chemical composition of the absorber layer, a higher concentration of oxygen in the electrodeposited absorber is thought to be the root cause of the lower performance of the electrodeposited CZTS or CZTSe solar cells with respect to a solar cell fabricated by evaporation. The grain boundary areas of Sn-rich composition are thought to be responsible for the lower shunt resistance commonly observed in CZTSe devices. We measured the longest minority carrier lifetime of 18 ns among all reported kesterite devices. This work builds a good baseline for obtaining higher efficiency earth-abundant solar cells, while it highlights electrodepositon as a low cost and feasible method for earth-abundant thin film solar cell fabrication.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposited Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ thin film solar cell with 7% power conversion efficiency

Guo

Zhu

Gunawan

et al. 2013

Progress in Photovoltaics

153

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“…The vapor pressures of sulfur and selenium put an upper limit to temperatures that can be reached in a solid state reaction, typically around 700 • C in our work. [27][28][29] CS 2 has been known to be a powerful sulfidizing agent for oxides, which allows gas flow reactions to be carried out at higher temperatures. 30-32 Initial stoichiometric powders were kept in an alumina crucible and then loaded in a quartz reaction tube.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational and experimental investigation for new transition metal selenides and sulfides: The importance of experimental verification for stability

et al. 2016

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Expanding the library of known inorganic materials with functional electronic or magnetic behavior is a longstanding goal in condensed matter physics and materials science. Recently, the transition metal chalchogenides including selenium and sulfur have been of interest because of their correlated-electron properties, as seen in the iron based superconductors and the transition metal dichalcogenides. However, the chalcogenide chemical space is less explored than that of oxides, and there is an open question of whether there may be new materials heretofore undiscovered.We perform a systematic combined theoretical and experimental search over ternary phase diagrams that are empty in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database containing cations, transition metals, and one of selenium or sulfur. In these 27 ternary systems, we use a probabilistic model to reduce the likelihood of false negative predictions, which results in a list of 24 candidate materials.We then conduct a variety of synthesis experiments to check the candidate materials for stability.While the prediction method did obtain previously unknown compositions that are predicted stable within density functional theory, none of the candidate materials formed in our experiments. We come to the conclusion that these phase diagrams are "empty" in the case of bulk synthesis, but it remains a possibility that alternate synthesis routes may produce some of these phases.

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“…The equilibrium Se vapor pressure was obtained after Baker [17]. Crystal growth was carried out for 15-30 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-phase epitaxy of GaSe and potential application for wide frequency-tunable coherent terahertz-wave generation

Oyama

Tanabe

Sato

et al. 2008

Journal of Crystal Growth

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The vapour pressure and resistivity of selenium at high temperatures

Cited by 51 publications

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Electrodeposited Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ thin film solar cell with 7% power conversion efficiency

Electrodeposited Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ thin film solar cell with 7% power conversion efficiency

Computational and experimental investigation for new transition metal selenides and sulfides: The importance of experimental verification for stability

Liquid-phase epitaxy of GaSe and potential application for wide frequency-tunable coherent terahertz-wave generation

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The vapour pressure and resistivity of selenium at high temperatures

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Electrodeposited Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin film solar cell with 7% power conversion efficiency

Electrodeposited Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin film solar cell with 7% power conversion efficiency

Computational and experimental investigation for new transition metal selenides and sulfides: The importance of experimental verification for stability

Liquid-phase epitaxy of GaSe and potential application for wide frequency-tunable coherent terahertz-wave generation

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Product

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Electrodeposited Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ thin film solar cell with 7% power conversion efficiency

Electrodeposited Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ thin film solar cell with 7% power conversion efficiency