“…While traditionally seen as a 'conflict control centre', the ACC (together with subcortical structures, especially the basal ganglia, e.g., Humphries & Prescott, 2010) is now often regarded as serving the more general function of tracking the history of events and their outcomes (e.g., Kennerley, Walton, Behrens, Buckley, & Rushworth, 2006;Nachev, 2006). Accordingly, monitoring and decision-making views of ACC function (see Botvinick, 2007) might 2 In this idealized version, accumulation of target-related activity is assumed to be always at maximum, i.e., the system is always maximally susceptible to relevant input (note that an equivalent model could be constructed where distractor-related activity affects the rate rather than the onset level of target-activity accumulation).…”